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INNOSC Theranostics and
Pharmacological Sciences BDNF-AS biomarker in multiple sclerosis

Acknowledgment 2. Yang X, Wu Y, Zhang B, Ni B. Noncoding RNAs in multiple
sclerosis. Clin Epigenetics. 2018;10(1):149.
The authors expressed their gratitude to the staff members
of the MS Research Unit, Kasr Al-Ainy Neurology doi: 10.1186/s13148-018-0586-9
Department, Cairo University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt, for 3. Browne P, Chandraratna D, Angood C, et al. Atlas of multiple
their support in selecting MS cases for this study. sclerosis 2013: A growing global problem with widespread
inequity. Neurology. 2014;83(11):1022-1024.
Funding doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000768
None. 4. Machcińska M, Kierasińska M, Michniowska M, et al.
Reduced expression of PD-1 in circulating CD4+ and
Conflict of interest CD8+ tregs is an early feature of RRMS. Int J Mol Sci.
The authors declare that they have no competing interests. 2022;23(6):3185.
doi: 10.3390/ijms23063185
Author contributions
5. Attfield KE, Jensen LT, Kaufmann M, Friese MA, Fugger L.
Conceptualization: Ahmed Kamal, Menha Swellam, Eslam The immunology of multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Immunol.
M. El-Nahrery 2022;22:734-750.
Data curation: Ahmed Kamal, Nevin M. Shalaby doi: 10.1038/s41577-022-00718-z
Investigation: Ahmed Kamal, Menha Swellam, Marwa K.
Darwish, Eslam M. El-Nahrery 6. Sarhan AA, El-Sharkawy KA, Mahmoudy AM, Hashim NA.
Methodology: Ahmed Kamal, Menha Swellam, Eslam M. Burden of multiple sclerosis: Impact on the patient, family
and society. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2022;63:103864.
El-Nahrery
Writing-original draft: Ahmed Kamal doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103864
Writing-review & editing: Menha Swellam, Eslam M. 7. Dutta R, Trapp BD. Pathogenesis of axonal and
El-Nahrery neuronal damage in multiple sclerosis. Neurology.
2007;68(22 Suppl 3):S22-S31, discussion S43-S54.
Ethical approval and consent to participate
doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000275229.13012.32
The authors declare that this research adhered to the ethical 8. Miller A. Handbook of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.
principles outlined in the Declarations of Helsinki (1964) Germany: Springer; 2017.
and its subsequent amendments [21]. Ethical approval
(approval number: 19922) was granted by the Board of doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-40628-2
Ethical Committee, Suez University, Egypt. In addition, 9. Harris VK, Sadiq SA. Disease biomarkers in multiple
written informed consent was obtained from all patients sclerosis. Mol Diagn Ther. 2009;13(4):225-244.
and healthy controls after the nature of the study was fully doi: 10.1007/BF03256329
explained.
10. Xi J, Sun Q, Ma L, Kang J. Long non-coding RNAs in glioma
Consent for publication progression. Cancer Lett. 2018;419:203-209.
All patients were assured of data protection and privacy, doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.041
except for their analytical data and clinical status, which 11. Kamal A, Swellam M, Shalaby NM, Darwish MK,
were included in this study with their informed consent for El-Nahrery EM. Silent players, loud impact: Unveiling the
use and publication. therapeutic potentials of lncRNAs. J Transl Genet Genom.
2024;8:162-185.
Availability of data doi: 10.20517/jtgg.2023.55

The data supporting the findings of this study are available 12. Malik B, Feng FY. Long non-coding RNAs in prostate
from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. cancer: Overview and clinical implications. Asian J Androl.
2016;18(4):568.
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