Page 47 - ITPS-8-2
P. 47

INNOSC Theranostics and
            Pharmacological Sciences                                              MDD biomarkers: Clinical implications



            and Li et al. have recently conducted case–control studies   www.webmd.com/depression/major-depression#1  [Last
            in a Chinese cohort and established that the rs155979   accessed on 2024 Apr 20].
            polymorphism in the lncRNA NONHSAT102891 was       2.   Gaynes BN, Lux L, Gartlehner G, et al. Defining treatment-
            significantly associated with depression susceptibility and   resistant depression. Depress Anxiety. 2020;37(2):134-145.
            risk of suicide. 87,88                                doi: 10.1002/da.22968
            5. Conclusion                                      3.   Saloni Dattani LRG. Hannah Ritchie and Max Roser. Mental
                                                                  Health Our World in Data-Online. Available from: https://
            This review highlights the progress made in identifying   ourworldindata.org/mental-health [Last accessed on
            cellular and nuclear biomarkers for MDD. These biomarkers   2024 Mar 20].
            hold promise for enhancing diagnostic accuracy, predicting   4.   Ogbo FA, Mathsyaraja S, Koti RK, Perz J, Page A. The burden
            treatment response, and personalizing therapeutic     of depressive disorders in South Asia, 1990-2016: Findings
            approaches. However, further research is required to   from the global burden of disease study. BMC Psychiatry.
            validate these biomarkers in clinical settings and to explore   2018;18(1):333.
            their application in routine clinical practice. Despite      doi: 10.1186/s12888-018-1918-1
            extensive and advanced research, the cure for MDD is partial
            and inadequate. Major challenges persist in screening,   5.   GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence
            diagnosis,  effective  treatment,  and  prognosis.  Identifying   Collaborators.  Global,  regional,  and  national  incidence,
            specific genetic factors could enable personalized treatment   prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases
                                                                  and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017:
            strategies, potentially improving outcomes.           A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study
            Acknowledgments                                       2017. Lancet. 2018;392(10159):1789-1858.
                                                                  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32279-7
            None.
                                                               6.   Redei EE, Mehta NS. Blood transcriptomic markers for
            Funding                                               major depression: From animal models to clinical settings.
                                                                  Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2015;1344:37-49.
            None.
                                                                  doi: 10.1111/nyas.12748
            Conflict of interest                               7.   Macaluso M, Preskorn SH. How biomarkers will change
            The authors declare they have no competing interests.  psychiatry: From clinical trials to practice. Part  I:
                                                                  Introduction. J Psychiatr Pract. 2012;18(2):118-121.
            Author contributions                                  doi: 10.1097/01.pra.0000413277.11091.25

            Conceptualization: Najeeb Ullah                    8.   Kendler KS, Gardner CO, Prescott CA. Toward a
            Formal analysis: Muhammad Ikram, Muhammad Imran       comprehensive developmental model for major depression
               Khan                                               in women. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159(7):1133-1145.
            Supervision: Muhammad Ikram, Muhammad Imran Khan      doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.159.7.1133
            Writing – original draft: Muhammad Kamran Ameer    9.   Lohoff FW. Overview of the genetics of major depressive
            Writing – review and editing:  Fazal Wahab, Muhammad   disorder. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2010;12:539-546.
               Imran Naseer
                                                               10.  Keller MC, Fredrickson BL, Ybarra O, et al. A warm heart
            Ethics approval and consent to participate            and a clear head the contingent effects of weather on mood
                                                                  and cognition. Psychol Sci. 2005;16(9):724-731.
            Not applicable.
                                                                  doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01602.x
            Consent for publication                            11.  Nestler EJ, Peña CJ, Kundakovic M, Mitchell A, Akbarian S.
                                                                  Epigenetic basis of mental illness.  Neuroscientist.
            Not applicable.                                       2016;22(5):447-463.
            Availability of data                                  doi: 10.1177/1073858415608147

            Not applicable.                                    12.  Krishnan V, Nestler  EJ. The molecular neurobiology of
                                                                  depression. Nature. 2008;455(7215):894-902.
            References                                            doi: 10.1038/nature07455

            1.   Bruce DF. Major Depression (Clinical Depression) Symptoms,   13.  Raison CL, Rutherford RE, Woolwine BJ, et al. A randomized
               Treatments, and More 2022; 2024. Available from: https://  controlled trial of the tumor necrosis factor antagonist


             Volume 8 Issue 2 (2025)                        41                               doi: 10.36922/itps.4404
   42   43   44   45   46   47   48   49   50   51   52