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Journal of Chinese
            Architecture and Urbanism                                               Spatial network analysis of hutongs



            cultural heritage. This comprehensive approach will contribute      https://doi.org/10.19892/j.cnki.csjz.2012.08.009
            to creating a more sustainable and livable city in the future.  Jiang, Y.J., Feng, J.Y., & Lin, J. (2021). The inspiration of open
                                                                  spaces in lilong and hutong residential area for modern
            Acknowledgments                                       residential area. Beijing Planning Review, 3:105-107.
             None.                                             Lee, S. H., & Chi, C. Y. (2014). A research on the methodology
                                                                  for mating the spatial structure and the usage of a certain
            Funding                                               Urban Area. Journal of Architectural Institute of Korea, 30(7):
            None.                                                 175-183.
                                                                  https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK_PD.2014.30.7.175
            Conflict of interest
                                                               Li,  J.  (2009).  Research  of  heyuan  building  and  hutong  jiefang
            The authors declare that they have no competing interests.  space in “Qianlong-Jingcheng-Quantu”. Journal of Chinese
                                                                  Architecture History, 249-282.
            Author contributions                               Liu, Q. R., Zhao, M., & Xu, F. (2019). The reference

            Conceptualization : All authors                       significance of the space form of hutong to the opening
            Formal analysis : All authors                         of the residential area.  Urban Planning International,
                                                                  34(3):96-102.
            Investigation : All authors
            Methodology: All authors                              https://doi.org/10.22217/upi.2017.401
            Writing – original draft : All authors             Lu, N., & Baik, S. H. (2020). A study on the relationship between
            Writing – review & editing : All authors              the location of markets and the spatial structure of Beijing
                                                                  in the 18  Century. Journal of The Architectural Institute of
                                                                         th
            Ethics approval and consent to participate            Korea, 36(1):94-104.
            Not applicable.                                       https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK_PD.2020.36.1.93
                                                               Lu, Z. (2013). Spatial syntactic analysis of cognitive maps. Acta
            Consent for publication                               Geographica Sinica, 68(10):1401-1410.
            Not applicable.                                       https://doi.org/10.11821/dlxb201310009

            Availability of data                               Lynch, K. (1964). The Image of the City. United States: MIT Press.
                                                               Wang, L. S. (2020). The streets and alleys of Beijing.  Beijing
            The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings   Planning Review, 6:183-186.
            of this study are available within the article.
                                                               Wang, M. Z., Zhang, H. R., & Chen, Y. (2024). Study on the
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            Volume 7 Issue 2 (2025)                         12                       https://doi.org/10.36922/jcau.4608
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