Page 25 - JCBP-2-4

Journal of Clinical and
Basic Psychosomatics Genetic factors and personality disorders

secondary school or not), marital status (married or Genomic DNA was extracted from lymphocytes.
not), and employment status (employed or unemployed). Based on data from the HAPMAP database for
Participants in this study were individuals who met the Beijing Han Chinese, it was observed that the CRH genes
definition of drug dependence, which refer to individuals demonstrated a relatively conservative pattern without
who have relapsed to drug use after being initially polymorphism distribution in the Chinese population.
identified as drug users by the public security system. Therefore, the focus of the research shifted to the CRH
Hence, all participants had experienced at least one relapse receptor 1 (CRHR1) and CRH-binding protein (CRHBP).
when they were enrolled in the compulsory rehabilitation Through screening of the CRHR1 and CRHBP genes, as
centers at the beginning of the study. The participants were well as the upstream region within a 10 KB range satisfying
in a state of abstinence. the criteria of r >0.8 and minor allele frequency (MAF)
2
2.1.2. Participants >10%, specific SNPs (CRHR1: rs12953076, rs4458044,
rs242924, rs17689966; CRHBP: rs1715751, rs3792738,
We initially enrolled approximately 564 participants from rs32897, rs10062367, rs1875999) were selected. The
four drug rehabilitation centers in Shanghai. Subsequently, genotyping of these SNPs was performed using the ABI
we narrowed down the inclusion criteria to exclusively Prism 7900 sequence detection system. The TaqMan
include female participants (n = 263). Patients needed SNP genotyping assay, a well-established and dependable
to meet criteria for heroin dependence according to the technique in genetic analysis, was employed to conduct the
fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual genotyping of genes.
of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV): Age over 18 years old,
and had a heroin use history in the 30 days before the 2.3. Statistical analysis
compulsory rehabilitation. Each participant in the Demographic data including age, gender, education
rehabilitation program underwent a face-to-face interview (completed secondary school or not), marriage status (married
within the initial month. The interviews were scheduled to or not), and employment (employed or unemployed) were
take place in a comfortable environment with the intention gathered. The association between SNPs and personality traits
of putting the participants at ease. Initial heroin use data was examined by utilizing Chi-square test (Table 1). Statistical
was collected through self-report. Participants in the study Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 was used to
belonged to the Han Chinese ethnic group, according to conduct statistical analysis.
their national identity card. The study specifically focused
on females, and their average age of first drug use was Missing categorical variables such as genetic variables
21.79 years. Out of the total sample size, 28 individuals were replaced with mode of the value while missing non-
reported having used hallucinogens. categorical values were replaced with the mean value.
Spearman correlation or Pearson correlation were applied
Inclusion criteria included: being 18 years or older, according to normality of the parameters. The selected
resident of Shanghai, meeting the criteria for heroin threshold for the P-value was set at 0.05. In addition,
dependence according to the DSM-IV, having abstained we computed the effect size by utilizing Cramer’s V as a
from heroin for a period of 1 – 30 days prior to enrollment, measure. The Cramer’s V value is presented in Table 1.
being put in compulsory detoxification institutions for
<1 year, and not receiving any medical treatments at the time 3. Results
of survey. Participants were excluded if they met the DSM-IV
criteria for other axis I psychiatric disorders or if they used Overall, no significant relationship was found between
substances other than heroin. Urine and blood samples were personality disorders (paranoid personality disorder,
collected and screened for illicit drugs. Additionally, potential depressive personality disorder, and schizotypal personality
subjects were informed that they had the option to decline disorder) and the SNPs of COMT gene and those associated
participation or withdraw from the study at any time. Every with stress. Only antisocial personality disorder was found
patient underwent a mandatory, standardized rehabilitation to be associated with several SNPs, such as rs1544325,
program. This program consisted of daily exercise and rs4680, rs4818, and rs242924 (all P < 0.05). Furthermore,
educational sessions focused on preventing relapse. hallucinogen use was associated with rs3792738 (P < 0.05),
rs10062367 (P < 0.05), and rs1875999 (P < 0.01) (Table 1).
2.2. SNPs genotyping
After conducting correlation tests, we discovered
An examination was conducted to investigate the SNPs that there is only a weak correlation between certain
of COMT and those related to stress, including rs174696, personality disorders. No significant correlation was
rs174699, rs4680, rs4818, rs737866, rs933271, rs12953076, found between antisocial personality disorder, schizoid
and rs44458044. personality disorder, and depressive personality disorder

Volume 2 Issue 4 (2024) 3 doi: 10.36922/jcbp.3890