Page 56 - JCBP-3-3

Journal of Clinical and
Basic Psychosomatics Integrative neurodegenerative care

but exhibiting a steady decline in reaction time or saccadic 5. Cost, accessibility, and implementation
velocity over follow-up assessments may warrant an considerations
expedited reclassification to high risk, prompting early
intervention. Conversely, a patient with elevated SRSS One of the key advantages of this integrative diagnostic
scores but stable reaction-retention metrics may benefit framework is its potential for cost-effectiveness and
from stress-reduction strategies before proceeding with accessibility compared to traditional ADR diagnostic tools.
further ADR-specific diagnostics. While some components, such as eye-tracking glasses,
require an initial investment comparable to basic modern
This dynamic assessment framework ensures that virtual reality goggles or glasses ($100 – 3,500), they
clinical recommendations are tailored to individual patient represent a one-time cost that can be used across multiple
trajectories, reducing false positives and improving early- patients and assessments. This stands in contrast to
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stage detection sensitivity. The integration of artificial traditional neuroimaging techniques, such as PET, which
intelligence (AI)-driven predictive modeling could further incur significant recurring expenses per scan, limiting
enhance this approach, enabling real-time alerts when a their feasibility for routine ADR monitoring in primary
patient’s risk classification changes, ensuring timely clinical care settings.
intervention and improved patient outcomes. For example, commercially available eye-tracking
4.5. Implementation challenges and solutions glasses range widely in cost, with lower-cost models
demonstrating feasibility for clinical applications. In
The successful integration of this diagnostic framework contrast, a single PET scan in the United States is estimated
into clinical practice requires careful consideration to cost between $1,500 and $5,000, excluding operational
of implementation barriers and potential solutions. and maintenance costs, which can reach $1 million
Standardized protocols must be developed to ensure that per machine. In addition, PET scans expose patients
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these tools are applied consistently across healthcare to radiation and require specialized imaging facilities,
settings while remaining non-invasive and patient-friendly. making them less accessible in resource-limited settings
For example, embedding real-time data analytics within and for repeated longitudinal monitoring.
electronic health records could streamline the synthesis
In comparison, aducanumab therapy, which relies
of eye-tracking, reaction-retention testing, and SRSS data, on PET imaging for amyloid plaque detection, incurs
enhancing accessibility for clinical decision-making.
far greater costs. The total 5-year cost for aducanumab
Despite its potential, cost and accessibility remain key treatment with PET monitoring was estimated at $255,440,
barriers to widespread adoption, particularly in resource- compared to $75,550 for standard care, with aducanumab
limited environments. One approach to addressing this alone contributing $179,890 in incremental costs. The
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challenge is the adaptation of consumer-grade eye- estimated annual cost of aducanumab therapy alone was
tracking and reaction-retention technologies, which could $56,000, making it prohibitively expensive even under
reduce dependency on costly clinical-grade systems. ideal assumptions where it halts disease progression
Pilot programs evaluating cost-effectiveness and usability entirely. This underscores the financial advantage of our
in primary care settings could help refine the approach proposed integrative diagnostic approach, which offers
before broader implementation. In addition, AI-driven scalable, non-invasive monitoring without the recurring
data analysis has the potential to automate clinical costs of PET-based treatment protocols.
interpretation, minimizing the burden on healthcare Reaction-retention tests provide additional financial
professionals and facilitating broader adoption. advantages, as they can be conducted using widely
As this framework evolves, it holds potential beyond available digital platforms, such as computer-based
ADR for use in other neurodegenerative conditions, assessments with a keyboard or mouse. More specialized
including Parkinson’s disease and traumatic brain injury. configurations, such as thumb push-button response
However, rigorous clinical validation studies will be systems, may enhance measurement precision while
essential to confirm accuracy, reliability, and diagnostic maintaining relatively low operational costs. Meanwhile,
thresholds. By addressing these challenges through the SRSS tool, which provides key psychological insights,
ongoing technological advancements, interdisciplinary is freely available throughout various publications, aside
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collaboration, and large-scale validation efforts, this from a 1-time cost of $35 for the manual, making it a
integrated diagnostic approach has the potential to highly scalable option for widespread clinical use.
revolutionize ADR detection, enhance early intervention By integrating these lower-cost, non-invasive tools
strategies, and improve overall patient outcomes. into ADR assessment protocols, healthcare providers can

Volume 3 Issue 3 (2025) 50 doi: 10.36922/jcbp.8349