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Journal of Clinical and
            Basic Psychosomatics                                                    Integrative neurodegenerative care



            Challenges related to cost, accessibility, data management,      doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.572938
            and regulatory approval must be addressed to facilitate   4.   Babu Henry Samuel I, Wang C, Burke SE, Kluger B, Ding M.
            widespread clinical adoption. As ADR prevalence continues   Compensatory neural responses to cognitive fatigue in
            to  rise,  advancing  diagnostic  methodologies  through   young and older adults. Front Neural Circuits. 2019;13:12.
            technological innovation, interdisciplinary collaboration,      doi: 10.3389/fncir.2019.00012
            and AI-driven analytics will be critical in improving early
            detection and patient outcomes. By refining and validating   5.   Ratnayaka JA, Serpell LC, Lotery AJ. Dementia of the eye:
            integrated diagnostic strategies, this framework has the   The role of amyloid beta in retinal degeneration. Eye (Lond).
            potential to enhance the quality, efficiency, and accessibility   2015;29:1013-1026.
            of ADR care, ultimately paving the way for earlier      doi: 10.1038/eye.2015.100
            interventions and improved long-term management.   6.   Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Q. Fluorescent sensing platforms for

            Acknowledgments                                       detecting and imaging the biomarkers of Alzheimer’s
                                                                  disease. Biosensors (Basel). 2023;13:515.
            None.                                                 doi: 10.3390/bios13050515

            Funding                                            7.   Kim HM, Han JW, Park YJ, Bae JB, Woo SJ, Kim KW.
                                                                  Association  between retinal  layer  thickness and  cognitive
            None.                                                 decline in older adults. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2022;140:683-690.

            Conflict of interest                                  doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2022.1563
            The authors declare that they have no competing interests.  8.   Torm MEW, Sander B, Hornum M, Krohn P, Birn H,
                                                                  Larsen  M. Characterization of hyperreflective dots by
            Author contributions                                  structural and angiographic optical coherence tomography
                                                                  in patients with diabetic retinopathy and healthy subjects.
            Conceptualization: S. Kyle Travis                     J Clin Med. 2022;11:6646.
            Writing – original draft: S. Kyle Travis              doi: 10.3390/jcm11226646
            Writing – review & editing: Sean E. Quisenberry, Blake A.   9.   Oyama  A, Takeda  S, Ito  Y,  et al.  Novel method  for rapid
            Terry                                                 assessment of cognitive impairment using high-performance
                                                                  eye-tracking technology. Sci Rep. 2019;9:12932.
            Ethics approval and consent to participate            doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49275-x

            Not applicable.                                    10.  Liao C, Xu J, Chen Y, Ip NY. Retinal dysfunction in
                                                                  Alzheimer’s disease and implications for biomarkers.
            Consent for publication                               Biomolecules. 2021;11:1215.

            Not applicable.                                       doi: 10.3390/biom11081215
            Availability of data                               11.  Lee JY, Martin-Bastida A, Murueta-Goyena A, et al. Multimodal
                                                                  brain and retinal imaging of dopaminergic degeneration in
            Not applicable.                                       Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Neurol. 2022;18:203-220.
            References                                            doi: 10.1038/s41582-022-00618-9
                                                               12.  Outeiro TF, Koss DJ, Erskine D, et al. Dementia with lewy
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            Volume 3 Issue 3 (2025)                         52                              doi: 10.36922/jcbp.8349
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