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Journal of Clinical and
Basic Psychosomatics Integrative neurodegenerative care
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and regulatory approval must be addressed to facilitate 4. Babu Henry Samuel I, Wang C, Burke SE, Kluger B, Ding M.
widespread clinical adoption. As ADR prevalence continues Compensatory neural responses to cognitive fatigue in
to rise, advancing diagnostic methodologies through young and older adults. Front Neural Circuits. 2019;13:12.
technological innovation, interdisciplinary collaboration, doi: 10.3389/fncir.2019.00012
and AI-driven analytics will be critical in improving early
detection and patient outcomes. By refining and validating 5. Ratnayaka JA, Serpell LC, Lotery AJ. Dementia of the eye:
integrated diagnostic strategies, this framework has the The role of amyloid beta in retinal degeneration. Eye (Lond).
potential to enhance the quality, efficiency, and accessibility 2015;29:1013-1026.
of ADR care, ultimately paving the way for earlier doi: 10.1038/eye.2015.100
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Acknowledgments detecting and imaging the biomarkers of Alzheimer’s
disease. Biosensors (Basel). 2023;13:515.
None. doi: 10.3390/bios13050515
Funding 7. Kim HM, Han JW, Park YJ, Bae JB, Woo SJ, Kim KW.
Association between retinal layer thickness and cognitive
None. decline in older adults. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2022;140:683-690.
Conflict of interest doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2022.1563
The authors declare that they have no competing interests. 8. Torm MEW, Sander B, Hornum M, Krohn P, Birn H,
Larsen M. Characterization of hyperreflective dots by
Author contributions structural and angiographic optical coherence tomography
in patients with diabetic retinopathy and healthy subjects.
Conceptualization: S. Kyle Travis J Clin Med. 2022;11:6646.
Writing – original draft: S. Kyle Travis doi: 10.3390/jcm11226646
Writing – review & editing: Sean E. Quisenberry, Blake A. 9. Oyama A, Takeda S, Ito Y, et al. Novel method for rapid
Terry assessment of cognitive impairment using high-performance
eye-tracking technology. Sci Rep. 2019;9:12932.
Ethics approval and consent to participate doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49275-x
Not applicable. 10. Liao C, Xu J, Chen Y, Ip NY. Retinal dysfunction in
Alzheimer’s disease and implications for biomarkers.
Consent for publication Biomolecules. 2021;11:1215.
Not applicable. doi: 10.3390/biom11081215
Availability of data 11. Lee JY, Martin-Bastida A, Murueta-Goyena A, et al. Multimodal
brain and retinal imaging of dopaminergic degeneration in
Not applicable. Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Neurol. 2022;18:203-220.
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Volume 3 Issue 3 (2025) 52 doi: 10.36922/jcbp.8349

