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130 Abtahi et al. | Journal of Clinical and Translational Research 2024; 10(2): 119-140
Appendix

Table A1. Search strategies for each database
Database Search strategies Number of studies
PubMed ((“Triage”[Mesh]) OR (“Triage”[Title/Abstract]) OR (“Triages”[Title/Abstract]) OR (“patient classification”[Title/Abstract]) 118
OR (“disease severity”[Title/Abstract]) OR (“disease severity scale”[Title/Abstract])) AND ((“Forecasting”[Mesh]) OR
(“Forecasting”[Title/Abstract]) OR (“predict*”[Title/Abstract]) OR (“Prediction”[Title/Abstract]) OR (“scoring system”[Title/
Abstract]) OR (“scoring”[Title/Abstract]) OR (“scale”[Title/Abstract])) AND ((“Care Unit, Intensive”[Title/Abstract]) OR (“Care
Units, Intensive”[Title/Abstract]) OR (“Intensive Care Unit”[Title/Abstract]) OR (“Unit, Intensive Care”[Title/Abstract]) OR
(“Disease Severity”[Title/Abstract]) OR (“Units, Intensive Care”[Title/Abstract]) OR (“Intensive Care Units”[Mesh])) AND ((“severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2” [Supplementary Concept]) OR (“COVID-19”[Title/Abstract]) OR (“SARS-CoV-2”[Title/
Abstract]) OR (“2019 novel coronavirus”[Title/Abstract]) OR (“2019-nCoV”[Title/Abstract]) OR (“Wuhan coronavirus”[Title/
Abstract]) OR (“novel coronavirus”[Title/Abstract]))
Scopus ( ( ( TITLE-ABS-KEY ( triage ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “patient classification” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( triages ) ) ) OR ( ( 116
TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “disease severity” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “disease severity scale” ) ) ) ) AND ( ( TITLE-ABS-KEY (
forecast* ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( predict* ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( prediction ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “scoring system”
) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( scoring ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( scale ) ) ) AND ( ( TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “Care Unit, Intensive” )
OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “Care Units, Intensive” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “Intensive Care Unit” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (
“Unit, Intensive Care” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “Units, Intensive Care” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “Intensive Care Units” ) ) )
AND ( ( TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “COVID-19” ) OR
TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “SARS-CoV-2” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “2019 novel coronavirus” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “2019-nCoV” )
OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (“Wuhan coronavirus”) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (“novel coronavirus”) ) )
Web of 1. TS = (“Triage”) OR (“Triages”) OR (“patient classification”) OR (“disease severity”) OR (“disease severity scale”) From 2010 to 44
Science 2020
2. TS = (“Intensive Care Unit”) OR (“Care Unit, Intensive”) OR (“Intensive Care unit”) OR (“Unit, Intensive Care”) OR (“Units,
Intensive Care”) OR (“Care Units, Intensive”) OR (“Intensive Care Units”)
3. TS = (“severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2”) OR (“COVID-19”) OR (“SARS-CoV-2”) OR (“2019 novel coronavirus”)
OR (“2019-nCoV”) OR (“Wuhan coronavirus”) OR (“novel coronavirus”) OR (“coronavirus”)
Total=1 AND 2 AND 3

Table A2. The contributing factors in clinical decision-making towards the length of hospital stay of COVID-19 patients
Factors Data set Definition CVR CVR assessment
(critical, essential, or
rejected)
Demographics and Age Age refers to the patient’s age based on the year. 0.4 Essential
medical history Sex Sex refers to the gender of the patient. −0.4 Rejected
BMI or obesity BMI is a measure of body fat based on height and weight that applies to 0.4 Essential
adult men and women.
History of diabetes Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood 0.6 Essential
mellitus sugar levels over a long period [48].
History of cancer or Cancer is the abnormal growth of cells. The term malignancy refers to the 1 Critical
malignancy presence of cancerous cells that can spread to other sites in the body [49,50].
CVD CVD is any disease of the heart or any disorder associated with blood 0.8 Critical
vessels [51].
History of renal function CKD is the presence of kidney damage or an eGFR of <60 mL/min per 0.8 Critical
impairment or CKD 1.73 m for more than two months [52].
2
History of respiratory The most common respiratory diseases include COPD, asthma, pneumonia, 0.8 Critical
disease pulmonary fibrosis, and lung cancer [53].
History of liver disease Liver/hepatic disease is a type of damage to or disease of the liver that can 0.6 Essential
be chronic or acute [54].
History of autoimmune An autoimmune disease refers to any condition in which the immune system 0.6 Essential
disease mistakenly attacks the body [55].
History of Immunosuppressive drugs are a type of drug that suppresses or reduces the 0.8 Critical
immunosuppressive drug use strength of the body’s immune system [56].
History of hypertension Hypertension refers to high blood pressure, which increases the risk of heart 0.2 Essential
disease, stroke, and sometimes death [57].
Other chronic conditions Comorbidity is defined as the concurrence of more than one disorder in an 0 Essential
or co-morbidity individual [58].
(Cont’d...)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36922/jctr.22.00226