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Yoksa, et al. | Journal of Clinical and Translational Research 2024; 10(4): 256-262 257
or excisional wounds. BWs often result in more significant 10 min and placed on the dorsum for 10 min. A third-degree burn
fibrosis than excisional wounds [3]. Burn injuries produce was created following 300 g pressure exertion [14]. Analgesia
significantly more transforming growth factor-β, which is a was performed using acetaminophen injection into each of the
chemoattractant for fibroblast activation and differentiation injured rats [12].
into myofibroblast [3]. The repair of cutaneous injury follows
a defined biological sequence aimed at wound closure, tissue 2.4. Experimental RSV ointment preparation
repair, and remodeling [4]. Vaseline®, a petroleum jelly, was melted upon mild heating,
Resveratrol (RSV) is a naturally occurring polyphenol and a and 20 mL of the jelly was used to dissolve 1 g of RSV
phytoalexin that is abundant in different plant species. The bark (Chromadex, United States of America [USA]) with vigorous
of the plant or fruit is the most abundant site of RSV synthesis. stirring in a vial. The resulting homogenous mixture was
Most plants, like knotweeds, cocoa bushes, peanut plants, pine composed of 5% RSV (50 mg/mL) and 95% petroleum base.
trees, grape vines, turmeric, and Vaccinium shrubs, are all rich
sources of RSV [5]. It is produced as a defense against bacterial 2.5. Treatment of wound
or fungal attacks [5]. In addition, RSV regulates vascular Treatment was administered twice daily topically in
endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, promoting groups B–D for 21 days. Specifically, the rats in group B were
angiogenesis in incisional wounds [6]. RSV also plays an topically applied with 1% SSD ointment (Dermazin ; Salutas
®
antineoplastic role by directly inhibiting endothelial cells of Pharma, Germany); group C was topically applied with 5%
the capillary through VEGF suppression [7]. Likewise, RSV RSV ointment; and group D was topically applied with the
reduces steatosis and protects the liver from fluoride damage petroleum base only.
by lowering liver enzyme levels and activities, including
alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase 2.6. Collection of blood sample
(AST) [8,9].
Silver sulphadiazine (SSD) ointment is used widely as an Five rats from each of the four groups were anesthetized
antimicrobial agent to alleviate partial- and full-thickness BWs using ketamine/xylazine at days 5, 8, and 21 post-BW infliction.
due to its wide spectrum of activity against microorganisms [10]. Cardiac puncture was used for blood collection, and the syringe
However, its main disadvantage in burn treatment is its tendency was emptied into both plain and EDTA bottles for biochemical
to delay healing [11]. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and hematological analyses, respectively.
of topical RSV on the hematological and serum biochemical 2.7. Sample processing
profiles in albino rats with full-thickness cutaneous BW.
Hematological parameters, such as packed cell volume
2. Methods (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV),

2.1. Study animals mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean
corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), total white blood cell count
In this study, 60 albino rats (200–250 g) were used. The rats (tWBC), and differential leukocyte count (DLC), were assessed
were purchased from the Laboratory Animal House, Department following standard laboratory techniques, as described by
of Biochemistry, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria. Clean water Thrall et al. [15]. Serum activities of ALT, AST, and ALP, as
and feed were supplied throughout the period of acclimatization. well as the serum levels of creatinine and urea, were determined

2.2. Experimental design using Randox test kits (Randox Laboratories, United Kingdom
[UK]) [16]. Serum concentration of VEGF was determined
The rats were categorized randomly into four groups: using an ELISA kit (Abbkine Laboratories, China).
A (negative control), B (positive drug control; BW + 1%
SSD cream), C (experimental group; BW + 5% RSV topical 2.8. Statistical analysis
application), and D (positive wound control; BW with no topical Data generated from the study is presented as the
application of ointment). mean ± standard deviation. Hematological results and serum

2.3. Infliction of injury VEGF data were compared using one-way analysis of variance
(ANOVA) with least significant difference (LSD) comparison
Following proper restraint, a 4 × 4 cm area on the dorsum of after statistics. Serum biochemistry was subjected to two-way
15 rats from categories B–D was shaved using a clipper [12]. ANOVA using SPSS version 16 (IBM, USA). Values with
An angle of 45° was meticulously created between the clipper P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
and the skin to reduce injury to the site [13]. Intraperitoneal
anesthesia was induced using a combination of ketamine and 3. Results
xylazine at a dosage of 60 and 7 mg/kg body weight (b.w.), 3.1. Effects of burn wound treatment on red blood cell
respectively. The toe-pinch test was used to determine the parameters
depth of anesthesia on the limbs prior to wound creation [13].
A 23.5-mm stainless steel metal was heated to 100°C using a hot The effect of BW treatment on erythrocyte parameters is
plate (DB-3; Yancheng Yukai Equipment Co. Ltd., China) for summarized in Table 1 as the mean ± standard deviation. The

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36922/jctr.24.00019