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260 Yoksa, et al. | Journal of Clinical and Translational Research 2024; 10(4): 256-262
Table 5. Effects of burn wound treatment on the serum concentration effect in neoplastic cells [7,30]. In a study with human adult
of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in albino rats treated retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells, Lee et al. [30]
with 1% silver sulphadiazine (SSD) or 5% resveratrol (RSV) topical reported the anti-VEGF activities of RSV through its potent
ointments or no treatment (NT) inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1ɑ) through
Day Concentration of VEGF (pg/mL) P activated phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/mammalian target of
Control 1% SSD 5% RSV NT rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR; i.e., a signaling pathway that
5 20.12±11.27 a 42.47±26.57 a 20.80±5.52 a 39.20±26.48 a 0.784 regulates cells adhesion, proliferation, apoptosis, migration,
8 106.60±41.33 ab 212.73±87.89 a 0.81±0.81 b 139.71±75.42 ab 0.210 and angiogenesis). It has been reported that PI3K/Akt/mTOR
21 101.80±44.23 a 150.09±64.03 a 4.63±4.15 b 9.95±7.83 b 0.046 mediates the effect of VEGF [31]. In a study by Gan et al. [32],
Note: Superscripts ( and ) define the significance of differences in mean between burn ointment could facilitate BW healing through the activation
b
a
groups (column) for each day (row). The same superscript applied across a row indicates of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. However, RSV has
non-significant differences (PS>0.05), while a different superscript across a row indicates been demonstrated to suppress the NF-κB transcription factor,
a significant difference (P<0.05). For instance, on day 21, the means for control and 1%
a
SSD are not significantly different (denoted by ), but they are significantly different from which subsequently initiates the inflammatory pathway and
the means of the 5% RSV and NT groups (denoted by ). deactivates the PI3K/Akt/mTOR-axis to inflict apoptosis [33].
b
4. Discussion 5. Conclusion
This study demonstrated that RSV did not affect RBC Topical application of RSV does not affect RBC indices but
parameters, except for a reduction in differential leukocyte suppresses the release of neutrophils and monocytes from the
counts of monocyte and neutrophil. These findings are consistent hematopoietic centers. Topical RSV application ameliorated the
with Atmaca et al. [9], where RSV reportedly restored normal extent of liver injury but elevated serum ALP activity, possibly
RBC parameters after RSV administration secondary to fluoride attributed to intra-hepatic cholestasis. RSV also ameliorated
toxicosis. In contrast, Juan et al. [17] reported that elevated the extent of BW-induced acute kidney injury, as evidenced by
doses of RSV did not change RBC and WBC parameters in rats. decreased urea and creatinine levels. The VEGF-suppressive
Decreased neutrophil and monocyte counts observed in the RSV- role of RSV makes it a potent antineoplastic agent.
treated group were reported to be due to the anti-inflammatory Acknowledgments
effects of RSV [9,18-20]. In this study, the hepatic enzymatic
activity of ALT, AST, and ALP increased significantly at 5 days The authors would like to thank the Veterinary Pathology
PW (DPW), likely due to hepatocellular injury associated with Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of
burn injury [21,22]. Jeschke et al. [23] reported a 2–4 fold Maiduguri, for providing an enabling research environment.
increase in AST and ALT activities immediately after burn Funding
injury, suggesting a correlation with burn-induced liver damage.
Nielson et al. [24] also reported an increase in ALT and AST This study was not supported by any funding.
activities immediately after burn injury. In this study, RSV
decreased the activities of AST and ALT as healing progressed, Conflict of Interest
suggesting a protective effect of RSV on the liver [9]. ALP was The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
found to be increased throughout the period of this study; this
could be attributed to the fact that RSV reduced the rate of bile Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate
flow following hepatic injury [25]. In this study, the creatinine All procedures performed in this experimental study were
and urea levels in rats treated with 5% RSV were lower in accordance with the guidelines of the animal care and use
compared to that of the 1% SSD group. This could be due to the committee of the University of Maiduguri (approval number
protective effect of RSV on the nephrons by preventing tubular FVM/UM/AUEC/19/003). Informed consent was obtained
injury and enhancing clearance [26]. This finding also agrees from all the individual participants of this experimental study.
with the work of Grujić-Milanović et al. [27], where RSV
reportedly improved the structure and function of the kidneys Consent for Publication
in malignant hypertensive rats. The process of BW healing in
patients with concurrent acute kidney injury is delayed due to Consent for publication was obtained for every individual’s
numerous factors, such as the inability to mobilize interstitial data included in this experimental study.
fluid into the intravascular compartment [28]. Availability of Data
VEGF concentration was lower in rats treated with 5% RSV
at 5, 8, and 21 DPW, and this may be attributed to RSV binding Data are available from the corresponding author upon
to the VEGF receptor, which results in significant displacement reasonable request.
of VEGF and subsequent effects in angiogenesis [29]. The References
effect of RSV on the formation of new blood vessels in wound
recovery is complex; it tends to have a positive pro-angiogenic [1] Kameshwaran S, Senthilkumar R, Thenmozhi S,
effect in ischemic myocardial conditions, but an anti-angiogenic Dhanalakshmi M. Wound Healing Potential of Ethanolic

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36922/jctr.24.00019