Page 16 - JCTR-11-3

Journal of Clinical and
Translational Research Lateral patellar instability in deep flexion

patellar tendon insertion, and ligamentous laxity, also play doi: 10.1016/j.knee.2010.12.003
crucial roles in this condition. 5 3. Batra S, Arora S. Habitual dislocation of patella: A review.
J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2014;5:245-251.
5. Conclusion
doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2014.09.006
Lateral patellar instability in deep flexion is a rare yet
severely disabling condition that typically begins at a 4. Weitz F. Obligatory dislocators, dislocation in flexion.
younger age. The etiological factors differ from those In: Dejour D, editor. Patellofemoral Pain, Instability, and
Arthritis. London: Springer; 2020. p. 399-401.
associated with patellar instability near extension. Key
contributors to flexion instability include changes in the 5. Bergman NR, Williams PF. Habitual dislocation of the
shapes of the lateral and medial condyle during knee patella in flexion. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1988;70:415-419.
flexion, variations in the shape of the lateral femoral doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.70B3.3372563
condyle, contractures of the vastus lateralis muscle, and 6. Suomalainen JH, Regalado G, Joukainen A, et al. Effects
iliotibial tract in combination with quadriceps fibrosis. of knee flexion and extension on the tibial tuberosity-
Surgical treatment should address all documented trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance in adolescents. J Exp
etiological factors for flexion instability to recommend an Orthop. 2018;5:31.
appropriate combination of procedures for this condition.
doi: 10.1186/s40634-018-0149-1
Acknowledgments 7. Gunn DR. Contracture of the quadriceps muscle.
None. A discussion on the etiology and relationship to recurrent
dislocation of the patella. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1964;46:
Funding 492-497.
8. Gao GX, Lee EH, Bose K. Surgical management of
None.
congenital and habitual dislocation of the patellar. J Pediatr
Conflict of interest Orthop. 1990;10:255-260.
9. Biedert RM, Tscholl PM. Patella alta: A comprehensive
The author declares no competing interests.
review of current knowledge. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ).
Author contributions 2017;46:290-300.
10. Van Huyssteen AL, Hendrix MRG, Barnet AJ, Wakeley CJ,
This is a single-authored article. Eldrige JDJ. Cartilage-bone mismatch in the dysplastic
trochlea. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2006;88:688-691.
Ethics approval and consent to participate
doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.88B5.16866
Not applicable.
11. Dejour D, Le Coultre B. Osteotomies in patello-femoral
Consent for publication instabilities. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev. 2007;15:39-46.

Not applicable. doi: 10.1097/JSA.0b013e31803035ae
12. McNamara I, Bua N, Smith TO, Ali K, Donell ST. Deepening
Availability of data trochleoplasty with a thick osteochondral flap for patellar
Not applicable. instability: Clinical and functional outcomes at a mean
6-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med. 2015;43:2706-2713.
Further disclosure doi: 10.1177/0363546515597679
The author discloses the use of generative AI and 13. Askenberger M, Janarv PM, Finnbogason T, Arendt EA.
AI-assisted technologies in the writing process. Morphology and anatomic patellar instability risk factors in
first-time traumatic lateral patellar dislocations: A prospective
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