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334 Arab et al. | Journal of Clinical and Translational Research 2023; 9(5): 332-339
classification system and it had to be approved by two cardiovascular It should be noted that the first consultation session was given
specialists. In addition, the patient had to be able to complete the immediately after the patient’s condition was stabilized and the
questionnaire. The exclusion criteria included severe mental or symptoms improved. It was done in the ward and a quiet room
cognitive impairment, pregnancy, and lactation. The patients who such as the examination room, and it lasted for 15 min. The second
were fully aware of their care (medical staff, participation in related session was held the next day for 15 min.
training courses) were removed from the experiment. The other In the second phase, the second researcher also performed the
st
nd
th
exclusion criteria were participation in a similar research project, telephone follow-up in four stages (1 week, 2 week, 6 week, and
malignancy, experiencing severe psychological distress after 12 week). Phone follow-up is intended to further communicate
th
entering the study, the reluctance to continue participating in the with the patient in a supportive and motivational environment.
research project, and death during the study. The time was set at a maximum of 5 minutes. The required
explanations and guidelines were given to the patient. The control
2.4. Intervention and data collection group also received the ward routine care. After the intervention
th
Patients with chronic heart failure, whose disease has been and at the end of the 12 week, both groups completed the illness
proven and were under treatment by a cardiologist in the CCU perception questionnaire (IPQ). The patients were selected from
and cardiac wards in the hospitals affiliated with the Kerman different hospitals to prevent the contamination of the intervention
University of medical sciences, were divided into intervention and and control groups. Two faculty members who are members of the
control groups. Initially, the purpose of the study was explained to research team and one non-faculty member of the research team
the subjects. Written consent was obtained from those who were determined the validity and the content of the consultations. The
registered. The questionnaires (demographic information and researchers advised everyone precisely according to the protocol,
illness perception) were completed by both groups. thus the conditions were the same for all patients.
We tried the intervention consistently applied among nurses 2.5. Instruments
and patients. Therefore, the first author administered the
intervention to all patients. For the homogeneity of the sample, The demographic questionnaire and the IPQ were used for data
the patients were selected based on the inclusion criteria and were collection.
homogenized between the two groups. The demographic questionnaire included questions about age,
For the intervention group, the intervention was performed in gender, employment status, disease class, economic and lifestyle
two phases. The first phase was based on Pendleton’s consultation level, and comorbidity.
model and the second phase was by telephone follow-up. The IPQ has nine subscales and designed by Brad Benet
Pendleton’s consultation was given face-to-face and individually, et al. (2006). Each subscale is a question that best summarizes
in two 15-min hospital sessions. Pendleton’s consultation model the IPQ-R of the material on each subscale. Each rating scale is
was developed by Pendleton et al. in 1984. It is a patient-centered answered from 0 to 10. Each subscale measures a component
model based on seven tasks [18]. of illness perception. Five subscales measure the cognitive
The information given to individuals in the form of the response to disease, including (1) perception of consequences,
Pendleton model in this study is divided into five general areas. (2) duration of illness, (3) personal control, (4) treatability, and
To provide all the steps, time and resource constraints were (5) recognizing symptoms. There are two emotional responses:
considered for the patients and the consulting nurses: Concern about illness and emotions. One measures the ability
(1) To define the reason for the patient’s attendance, including: to perceive and understand the disease. Open-ended questions
a. The nature and history of the heart failure problem in the are used. The score is given from 0 to 100. Zero indicates the
patient lowest level of perception, and 100 indicates the highest level of
b. Their etiology perception [19,20]. Bagherian et al. (2008) prepared the Persian
c. Patients’ ideas, concerns, and expectations about heart version of this questionnaire. Alpha Cronbach’s Persian version
failure when hospitalized and when living with this was 0.84, and its correlation coefficient with the Persian version
disease at home was 0.71 [20].
d. The effects of the mental and physical problems, and the 2.6. Data analysis
life quality in general
(2) To consider other problems of the patient: SPSS software version 20 was used to analyze the data. To
a. Other diseases and problems assess homogeneity between the groups, an independent t-test
b. At-risk factors of the issues mentioned in section (a) and Chi-square test were used. To compare the pre- and post-
(3) With the patient, to choose an appropriate action for each intervention perception of the illness paired t-test was used. T-test
problem. was used to compare the mean score of illness perception between
(4) To achieve a shared understanding of the problems with the the two groups. To control the varying effect of the perception of
patient. the illness before the intervention, a covariance test was used to
(5) To involve the patients in the management and encourage evaluate the changes after the intervention. The significance level
them to accept appropriate responsibility [13]. was considered to be 0.05.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18053/jctres.09.202305.22-00161