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Microbes & Immunity ABO blood type and cancer risk: A complex relationship

95% CI 0.30 – 1.84, P = 0.52) compared with the control 355,797 controls, individuals with the A blood group had a
participants. However, Flavarjani et al. did not find a borderline significant higher risk of colorectal cancer (HR
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significant association between blood types and breast 1.18, 95% CI 0.97 – 1.43, P = 0.097) than those with the
cancer (P > 0.05) in a study of 549 women including O blood group. Most studies did not show a significant
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173 cases and 376 controls. In the study by Meo et al., association between the blood group and colorectal cancer.
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the incidence of breast cancer was higher in patients However, some studies have suggested the increased risk
with the A blood group (45.88%) than in those with the of colorectal cancer in the non-AB blood group, and those
AB blood group (6.27%). Some studies have not found with the A blood group had a higher risk. In addition, the
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a relationship between the ABO blood group and breast O blood group was the most prevalent ABO blood group
cancer risk or survival. 66,67 among patients with type I endometrial cancer (EC) and
A meta-analysis of 14 studies conducted by Miao et al. was associated with an increased risk of developing type I
did not find an association between the ABO blood group EC. However, the ABO blood group was not significantly
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and breast cancer risk but reported that Caucasian people correlated with the stage or differentiation of type I EC.
with the A blood group might be at higher risk for this Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who have the
cancer. Two studies observed a significant association A blood group may have lower OS and recurrence-free
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of blood type A with a higher risk of breast cancer. 69,70 In survival rates following hepatectomy compared with those
contrast, no association was found between the ABO blood with non-A blood groups. 88
group and the risk or survival or mortality of invasive, 3.5. Prostate cancer
ductal, or hormone receptor-positive breast cancers. 71,72
Yu et al. did not observe an association between the ABO Prostate cancer accounts for approximately 8% of the global
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blood group and triple-negative breast cancer. However, cancer incidence. 58,89 Few studies have reported to date the
Amini et al. observed a significant association between the association between ABO blood groups and prostate cancer.
tumor size and axillary lymph node involvement and the Wang et al. demonstrated that the patients with the O blood
ABO blood group. A study reported a positive relationship group have a lower risk of prostate cancer and are less
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between the risk of breast cancer and the O blood group. aggressive than non-O blood groups (high-risk percentage:
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Some studies have suggested that people with blood types B O vs. non-O: 72.5% vs. 85.7%, P < 0.05) and suggested that
and AB have a significantly increased risk of breast cancer nearly all of the included studies compared patients with
with a poorer overall survival (OS) than those with A and O prostate cancer with the normal population without revealing
blood groups. 76,77 Stamatakos et al. reported the association an association between the ABO blood groups and the risk of
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of the A antigen with the increased incidence of invasive invasiveness in patients with prostate cancer. In a previous
ductal carcinoma in 166 Greek women. Tryggvadottir study, the B blood group was found to be significantly more
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et al. observed a twofold higher incidence of familial frequent in patients with prostate cancer, suggesting that
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breast cancer in those with the B blood group while patients with the B blood group were at an increased risk of
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studying bilateral breast cancer in familial and sporadic cancer (OR 1.23, P < 0.05). Some studies have not found a
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cases of the ABO blood group. In addition, Anderson and relationship between the blood type and prostate cancer risk
Haas showed a positive association between A and B blood or survival. 17,47,92-94 A study reported that tumor progression
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groups in women with a family history of breast cancer. 80 is favored by the loss of antigen expression at the tissue level.
However, other studies have suggested that prostate tissue
3.4. Colorectal cancer without antigen expression cannot be considered a biomarker
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In comparison with gastric cancer and PC, very few of invasion. The loss of blood group A antigen and retention
studies have examined the correlation between the ABO of the H antigens were observed in tumor tissues of the
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blood group and colorectal cancer development. In a prostate. With tumor progression, the expression of the
study conducted from 1995 to 2002, among 1555 patients, A antigen has been reported to decrease, which might be
a greater risk was noted in those with the non-AB blood associated with the increased risk of biochemical recurrence
group. In the multivariate analysis, a modest association of prostate cancer in patients with the A blood group. 98,99
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of the B blood group (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.00 – 1.45)
with colon cancer was observed compared with the O 3.6. Kidney and urinary bladder cancer
blood group. 82,83 However, in the studies conducted by The expression of ABO antigens is observed on the surface
Khalili et al. among 1025 patients and by Li et al. among of several normal and cancerous tissues, including kidneys
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1314 patients, no significant association was observed and renal cell carcinoma lines. Several studies have
between any blood group and colorectal cancer. 84-86 In the examined the association of the ABO blood group with renal
Shanghai Cohort Study 1986 – 2013 with 624 patients and cell carcinoma. A study of 900 patients undergoing surgery

Volume 2 Issue 1 (2025) 50 doi: 10.36922/mi.3267