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Microbes & Immunity ABO blood type and cancer risk: A complex relationship

Table 1. (Continued)
Types of cancer Association with the ABO blood group References
The A blood group shared an increased risk of ovarian cancer: (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01 – 1.18; P<0.01). As per the 108
diplotype analysis, type AO was more linked with increased risk than AA (AO, OR 1.11,
95% CI 1.01 – 1.22, P<0.01; AA, OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.87 – 1.21, P>0.05). The other diplotype AB and B blood
groups had no significant ovarian cancer risk.
A and B antigens shared an increasing risk of ovarian cancer. However, the B blood group (OR 1.48, 95% 109
CI 1.17 – 1.81, P<0.01) shared a higher risk of ovarian cancer than the A blood group (OR 1.40; 95%
CI 1.13 – 1.73, P=0.0019).
Cervical Higher incidence of cervical cancer in patients with the A blood group. 26,114,115
Higher incidence of cervical cancer (37.9%) in patients with the B blood group. 127
No significant correlation was observed. 110,111,128,129
Nasopharyngeal Individuals with blood types A and AB had a higher risk of NPC than those with blood type O. 119
No significant association was observed between any blood group and NPC. 118
No significant difference was obtained between patients with the O and non-O blood groups, except for the 47
significantly lower distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in patients with the O blood group. The O blood type
was associated with an unfavorable DMFS in female patients with NPC.
Lung No significant association was observed between any blood group and non-small-cell lung cancer. 121
Increased risk of lung cancer in patients with non-O blood type and Rh negative. 62
Higher risk of lung cancer in those with blood type AB than in those with blood types B and O. 47
Skin The risks of developing SCC and BCC in participants with the non-O blood group were 14% and 4%, 122
respectively. No significant linkage was observed between the blood type and melanoma.
A significant association was found between patients with BCC and controls in terms of A Rh (−) (P<0.01). 123
Note: NA: Not available.
Abbreviations: HR: Hazard ratio; NPC: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma; DMFS: Distant-metastasis-free survival; SCC: Squamous cell carcinoma;
BCC: Basal cell carcinoma.

3.2. Pancreatic cancer (PC) 3.3. Breast cancer
PC is one of the most common cancers and the leading cause Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in
of death from cancer worldwide. An overall significant women. According to the Breast Cancer Research
increased risk for PC was found in a Taiwanese cohort study Foundation, nearly two million new cases of breast cancer
involving 339,432 participants with non-O blood type were diagnosed in 2018. Globally, approximately 12% of
(hazard ratio [HR] = 1.50, 95% CI 1.04 – 2.19). In a recent newly diagnosed cancer is caused by breast cancer. 57-59
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comparative study of long-term outcomes of 406 patients Saxena et al. reported the maximum occurrence of breast
with PC between A alleles and non-A alleles according to carcinoma in the A blood group and a minimum in the
treatments (resection, P < 0.05; chemotherapy, P = 0.757; AB blood group. Patients with the A blood group (OR
and palliative care, P = 0.532), patients with A alleles who 7.444, 95% CI 4.098 – 13.5222) were observed at higher
underwent resection possessed a greater risk than those risk than those with blood group AB (OR 1, 95% CI 0.476
with non-A alleles. In a case–control study conducted – 2.103) when taking reference to the proportion of breast
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on 185 patients/1465 controls in the Japanese population, cancer in the AB blood group. However, no association
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those with the A blood group were at a greater risk of PC between the blood group and the risk of breast cancer was
than individuals with the O blood group. In the study observed in a study of 368 patients with cancer in Bhopal,
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by Greer et al., 274 patients also showed a greater risk for India. Similarly, no relationship was observed between
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those with the A blood group. 52,53 Another study conducted the HER2 status and ABO blood group examined in 294
in the Turkish population among 132 patients/633 controls Turkish female patients with HER2 (+) breast cancer. A
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by Engin et al. and in China among 264 patients/687 study of 160 women with breast cancer during their pre-
controls by Li et al. also confirmed the increased rate of the operative control and follow-up, following mastectomy, in
risk of the A blood group. 54,55 Therefore, these studies show Mansoura University Hospital, Egypt, revealed a higher
a possible association between the ABO blood group and frequency of breast cancer in those with the A blood group
the PC risk, with a greater risk for those with the A blood (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.04 – 2.96, P < 0.05) and lower cancer
group. 56 frequency in those with the AB blood group (OR 0.74,

Volume 2 Issue 1 (2025) 49 doi: 10.36922/mi.3267