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Microbes & Immunity ABO blood type and cancer risk: A complex relationship

for locoregional renal carcinoma reported an association 3.8. Cervical cancer
between the ABO blood group (non-O) and OS, indicating Cervical cancer is a common cancer in women,
the non-O blood group as an independent biomarker of representing 4% of the global cancer incidence 58,89 Several
mortality. The study found that the non-O blood group was studies have reported no significant correlation between
associated with decreased OS in the multivariate analysis the ABO blood group and cervical cancer. 109-112 However,
(HR 1.68, 95% CI 1.18 – 2.39, P < 0.05). Another study a higher incidence of cervical cancer (37.9%) was observed
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observed that the absence of lymph node metastasis had in patients with the B blood group. In a group of Japanese
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no suitable effect on the prognosis in patients with the O women, most of the women with the A blood group had
blood group and found no association between the ABO cervical cancer. A similar result was observed in a study
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blood group and survival outcomes. 101,102 Stakišaitis et al. conducted in India. The incidence of cervical cancer was
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did not find any significant relationship between the ABO higher in women with the A blood group than in those
blood group and kidney cancer survival. While some with the O blood group. However, no association was
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researchers have identified the ABO blood group as a found between the blood group and the risk of cervical
prognostic predictor, others did not find any association cancer in studies conducted in Nigeria or southeast
with renal cancer. One study reported no significant Siberia. 109,116 In addition, the RhD factor may influence OS
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association between the ABO blood group and kidney in cervical cancer, but current data lack strong significance.
cancer, whereas a cohort study found a higher occurrence Larger studies are needed to confirm its role and explore
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of renal cell carcinoma in women with the non-O blood the impact of blood groups on female cancers. 117
group compared to those with the O blood group. 103
The prevalence of the A blood group was higher in 3.9. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)
patients with bladder cancer. In a study of the Lithuanian A study of 2439 patients with NPC from 2001 to 2004
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population, the B blood group was found to be significantly showed no significant difference between patients with O
more frequent in people with bladder cancer compared and non-O blood groups, except for a significantly shorter
to the control group of blood donors. The B blood group distant-metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in patients
was more common in men (OR 1.27, P < 0.05); however, with the O blood group (aHR = 1.2268, 95% CI 1.010 –
no association was found in women with bladder cancer 1.592, P < 0.05). In female patients, those with the O
(P > 0.05). Another study found that the B blood group blood group had significantly shorter OS (P < 0.05) and
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was significantly associated with bladder cancer risk (OR DMFS (P < 0.05) than those with the non-O blood group.
1.26, P < 0.05), whereas no significant association was However, in male patients, no significant differences were
observed with the O blood group (OR 0.76, P < 0.05). observed (P > 0.05). Similarly, Lin et al. did not find
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90
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Another study suggested that patients with the O blood a significant difference in the distribution of ABO blood
group exhibited more aggressive tumor behavior in bladder groups between the NPC and control groups (P = 0.884).
cancer, with higher tumor grade and more relapses than However, a significant difference between the sexes and
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those with the A blood group. Similarly, another study ABO blood groups was observed, except for the AB blood
showed that the O blood group was associated with worse type (P = 0.246). In contrast, another study found an
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recurrence and progression rates compared to the A (P = association between the ABO blood group and NPC risk.
0.015 and 0.031) or B (P = 0.004 and 0.075) blood groups. 107 The medical data of 1,538 patients with NPC from 2004 to
2011 showed that A and AB blood types were associated
3.7. Ovarian cancer (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05) with an increased risk of NPC when
Ovarian cancer is the seventh leading cause of death compared with the O blood group. The distant metastasis
among women globally. It is also linked with certain ABO rate was significantly higher among men with the A
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blood groups. 71,97,108,109 Two studies concluded that carriage blood group than in those with the non-A blood groups
of A and B antigens in the ABO blood group increased the (P < 0.05). Thus, the correlation between the ABO blood
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risk for ovarian cancer, with the B blood group showing group and NPC remains controversial.
a higher risk. In contrast, another study reported that
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women with the A blood group were more susceptible to 3.10. Lung cancer
ovarian cancer (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01 – 1.18; P < 0.05). In a study conducted among 964 patients with lung cancer
Similarly, a haplotype analysis revealed that the AO blood in China, those with the AB blood type showed a relatively
group carried a higher risk than the AA blood group. higher risk of lung cancer (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.81 – 1.26)
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Another study reported a higher risk of ovarian cancer in than those with the A blood group A. Another study
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individuals with the A blood group, with 1 in 17 women conducted on 417 Turkish patients by Urun et al. confirmed
affected. 71 the association between the ABO blood group and lung

Volume 2 Issue 1 (2025) 51 doi: 10.36922/mi.3267