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Microbes & Immunity Biological activity of Amazonian plants

At the final 240-h interval, OH extract-treated and SIV- conditions had no statistically significant differences in
infected cells produced significantly more IL-6 than in LM IL-8 expression (p-value ranging from 0.0058 to 0.2367).
extract-treated and SIV-infected cells (p=0.0013), as well At the 48-h time interval, only cells with LM extract
as in comparison to cells treated with OH extract alone secreted IL-10 (Figure 7), while in all other conditions, the
and controls (p=0.0177). Cells treated with LM extract cytokine was not detected. At the 144-h time interval, cells
alone had significantly higher IL-6 production than in LM treated with LM extract alone produced significantly more
extract-treated and SIV-infected cells (p=0.0017), as well IL-10 than in cells treated with OH extract (p=0.0156),
as in comparison to cells treated with OH extract alone and and cells treated with LM extracted and infected with SIV
controls (p=0.0096). However, there was no statistically (p=0.0209), while cytokine production remained negligible
significant difference between LM extract-treated and OH in the other treatments. At the final time interval of 240 h,
extract-treated and SIV-infected cells (p=0.0907). cells treated with LM extract continued to produce more

At the 48-h time interval, EHLC treated with LM IL-10 than in other treatments, including cells treated with
extract and infected with SIV produced significantly more OH extract, whether infected with SIV or not (p-value
IL-8 (Figure 6) than in cells treated only with OH extract ranging from 0.0131 to 0.0334).
(p=0.0241), as well as cells treated with OH extract and After a 48-h incubation period, cells treated with LM
SIV-infected, and the controls (p=0.0113). Cells treated extract produced significantly more IFN-γ (Figure 8) than
with LM extract alone also secreted significantly more IL-8 in cells treated with LM extract and infected with SIV
than in cells treated with OH extract alone (p=0.0248). The (p=0.0028). Other treatments did not show any significant
other treatments did not show any statistically significant statistical differences (p-value ranging from 0.0530 to
differences (p-value ranging from 0.0530 to 0.1031). At the 0.7585) among the following comparisons: OH extract
144-h time interval, cells treated with OH extract alone treatment versus OH extract treatment and SIV infection;
secreted more IL-8 than in cells treated with LM extract OH extract treatment versus LM extract treatment; OH
alone (p=0.0058), as well as cells treated with OH extract
and infected with SIV (p=0.0447). Cells treated with LM
extract and SIV-infected expressed significantly more IL-8
than in cells treated with LM extract alone (p=0.0195), as
well as cells treated with OH extract and infected with SIV
(p=0.0386). Comparisons among cells treated with OH
extract, with or without SIV infection, and cells treated
with LM extract, with or without SIV infection, along
with controls, did not show any statistically significant
differences (p-value ranging from 0.0376 to 0.1541).
Finally, at the 240-h time interval, leukocytes treated with
OH extract and infected with SIV secreted significantly Figure 7. Interleukin-10 expression in an established human leukocyte
more IL-8 than in cells treated with OH extract alone cell line treated with Licania macrophylla and Ouratea hexasperma,
followed by SIV infection, and in control cells treated with extracts but
(p=0.0036), as well as cells treated with LM extract not infected with SIV. Note: *indicates significant at p<0.05.
alone (p=0.0016) and the controls (p=0.0015). The other Abbreviation: SIV: Simian immunodeficiency virus.

Figure 6. Interleukin-8 expression in an established human leukocyte cell Figure 8. Interferon-gamma expression in an established human
line treated with Licania macrophylla and Ouratea hexasperma, followed leukocyte cell line treated with Licania macrophylla and Ouratea
by SIV infection, and in control cells treated with extracts but not infected hexasperma, followed by SIV infection, and in control cells treated with
with SIV. Note: *indicates significant at p<0.05. extracts but not infected with SIV. Note: *indicates significant at p<0.05.
Abbreviation: SIV: Simian immunodeficiency virus. Abbreviation: SIV: Simian immunodeficiency virus.

Volume 2 Issue 2 (2025) 69 doi: 10.36922/mi.8367