Page 110 - MI-2-3
P. 110
Microbes & Immunity SARS-CoV-2 complementary classification
SARS-CoV-2: A critical review. Cell. 2021;184(19):4848-4856. A. Temporal increase in D614G mutation of SARS-CoV-2 in
the Middle East and North Africa. Heliyon. 2021;7(1):e06035.
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.08.017
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06035
28. Zhang T, Wu Q, Zhang Z. Probable pangolin origin of SARS-
CoV-2 associated with the COVID-19 outbreak. Curr Biol. 40. Earnest R, Uddin R, Matluk N, et al. Comparative
2020;30(7):1346-1351.e2. transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 variants Delta and Alpha in
doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.03.022 New England, USA. Cell Rep Med. 2022;3(4):100583.
29. Tang X, Ying R, Yao X, et al. Evolutionary analysis and doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100583
lineage designation of SARS-CoV-2 genomes. Sci Bull. 41. Sallam M, Mahafzah A. Molecular analysis of SARS-CoV-2
2021;66(22):2297-2311. genetic lineages in Jordan: Tracking the introduction and
spread of COVID-19 UK variant of concern at a country
doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.02.012
level. Pathogens. 2021;10(3):302.
30. Rambaut A, Holmes EC, O’Toole Á, et al. A dynamic
nomenclature proposal for SARS-CoV-2 lineages to assist doi: 10.3390/pathogens10030302
genomic epidemiology. Nat Microbiol. 2020;5(11):1403-1407. 42. Chouikha A, Fares W, Laamari A, et al. Molecular
doi: 10.1038/s41564-020-0770-5 epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Tunisia (North Africa)
through several successive waves of COVID-19. Viruses.
31. Forster P, Forster L, Renfrew C, Forster M. Phylogenetic 2022;14(3):624.
network analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes. Proc Natl Acad
Sci U S A. 2020;117(17):9241-9243. doi: 10.3390/v14030624
doi: 10.1073/pnas.2004999117 43. Carabelli AM, Peacock TP, Thorne LG, et al. SARS-CoV-2
variant biology: Immune escape, transmission and fitness.
32. Lemey P, Hong SL, Hill V, et al. Accommodating individual Nat Rev Microbiol. 2023;21(3):162-177.
travel history and unsampled diversity in Bayesian
phylogeographic inference of SARS-CoV-2. Nat Commun. doi: 10.1038/s41579-022-00841-7
2020;11(1):5110. 44. Pondé RAA. Physicochemical effect of the N501Y, E484K/Q,
doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18877-9 K417N/T, L452R and T478K mutations on the SARS-CoV-2
spike protein RBD and its influence on agent fitness and
33. Worobey M, Pekar J, Larsen BB, et al. The emergence on attributes developed by emerging variants of concern.
of SARS-CoV-2 in Europe and North America. Science. Virology. 2022;572:44-54.
2020;370(6516):564-570.
doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.05.003
doi: 10.1126/science.abc8169
45. Perez-Gomez R. The development of SARS-CoV-2 variants:
34. Hill V, Du Plessis L, Peacock TP, et al. The origins and The gene makes the disease. J Dev Biol. 2021;9(4):58.
molecular evolution of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 in the
UK. Virus Evol. 2022;8(2):veac080. doi: 10.3390/jdb9040058
doi: 10.1093/ve/veac080 46. Harris E. WHO launches broad coronavirus surveillance
network. JAMA. 2024;331(19):1615.
35. World Health Organization. Tracking SARS-CoV-2 Variants;
2025. Available from: https://www.who.int/activities/tracking- doi: 10.1001/jama.2024.6724
SARS-CoV-2-variants [Last accessed on 2025 May 09]. 47. Otto SP, Day T, Arino J, et al. The origins and potential
36. Essabbar A, El Mazouri S, Boumajdi N, et al. Temporal future of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in the evolving
dynamics and genomic landscape of SARS-CoV-2 after four COVID-19 pandemic. Curr Biol. 2021;31(14):R918-R929.
years of evolution. Cureus. 2024;16(2):e53654. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.049
doi: 10.7759/cureus.53654 48. O’Toole Á, Pybus OG, Abram ME, Kelly EJ, Rambaut A.
37. Brüssow H. COVID-19: Emergence and mutational Pango lineage designation and assignment using SARS-
diversification of SARS-CoV-2. Microb Biotechnol. CoV-2 spike gene nucleotide sequences. BMC Genomics.
2021;14(3):756-768. 2022;23(1):121.
doi: 10.1111/1751-7915.13800 doi: 10.1186/s12864-022-08358-2
38. Korber B, Fischer WM, Gnanakaran S, et al. Tracking changes in 49. Markov PV, Ghafari M, Beer M, et al. The evolution of
SARS-CoV-2 spike: Evidence that D614G increases infectivity SARS-CoV-2. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2023;21(6):361-379.
of the COVID-19 virus. Cell. 2020;182(4):812-827.e19.
doi: 10.1038/s41579-023-00878-2
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.043
50. Shahhosseini N, Babuadze GG, Wong G, Kobinger GP.
39. Sallam M, Ababneh NA, Dababseh D, Bakri FG, Mahafzah Mutation signatures and in silico docking of novel SARS-CoV-2
Volume 2 Issue 3 (2025) 102 doi: 10.36922/MI025190042

