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Materials Science in Additive Manufacturing Additive manufacturing of 316L-Cu alloys

and SS-3Cu (329 ± 12 MPa). Similarly, a minor reduction Consent for publication
in hardness was measured in the Cu compositions
(183 ± 9 and 186 ± 10 HV 0.2 for SS-3Cu and SS-5Cu, Not applicable.
respectively) compared to 316L (209 ± 12 HV 0.2). Availability of data
(c) Cu addition demonstrated significant antibacterial
efficacy. SS-3Cu and SS-5Cu effectively inhibited the Data are available from the corresponding author on
growth of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa across all time reasonable request.
points, with efficacy increasing proportionally with the References
Cu content. After being tested against S. aureus, the two
compositions exhibited 18% and 12% bacterial viability 1. Darouiche RO. Device‐associated infections:
at 72 h, respectively. More effectively, results for P. A macroproblem that starts with microadherence. Clin
aeruginosa at 48 h indicate 6% and 3% bacterial viability. Infect Dis. 2001;33(9):1567-1572.
This highlights the potential of these alloys for use in doi: 10.1086/323130
biomedical environments, particularly in infection- 2. iData Research. Orthopedic Trauma Devices Market Size,
prone applications such as fracture management devices. Share and COVID-19 Impact Analysis. United States.
The findings suggest that 316L with Cu addition offers 2019-2025. iData Research; 2019. Available from: https://
a promising balance between mechanical performance and idataresearch.com/product/trauma-devices-market-united-
states [Last accessed on 2024 Nov 25].
antibacterial functionality, making it a viable material for
advanced biomedical devices. 3. Ciliveri S and Bandyopadhyay A. Enhanced osteogenesis
and bactericidal performance of additively manufactured
Acknowledgments MgO-and Cu-added CpTi for load-bearing implants. Int J
Bioprinting. 2023;9(6):1167.
The authors would like to acknowledge financial support doi: 10.36922/ijb.1167
from the National Science Foundation under Grant
Number CMMI1934230 and the National Institute of 4. Thakore RV, Greenberg SE, Shi H, et al. Surgical site infection
Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the in orthopedic trauma: A case-control study evaluating risk
National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01 factors and cost. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2015;6(4):220-226.
AR078241 (PI: Bandyopadhyay). The content is solely the doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2015.04.004
authors’ responsibility and does not necessarily represent 5. Ciliveri S, Bandyopadhyay A. Additively manufactured SiO
2
the National Institutes of Health’s official views. The and Cu-added Ti implants for synergistic enhancement of
authors would also like to acknowledge experimental help bone formation and antibacterial efficacy. ACS Appl Mater
from Aruntapan Dash and Nathaniel Zuckschwerdt. Interfaces. 2024;16(3):3106-3115.
doi: 10.1021/acsami.3c14994
Conflicts of interest
6. Devasconcellos P, Bose S, Beyenal H, Bandyopadhyay A,
Amit Bandyopadhyay is the Editorial Board Member of the Zirkle LG. Antimicrobial particulate silver coatings on
journal but did not in any way involve in the editorial and stainless steel implants for fracture management. Mater Sci
peer-review process conducted for this paper, directly or Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2012;32(5):1112-1120.
indirectly. The authors declare that they have no competing doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.02.020
interests.
7. Xi T, Shahzad MB, Xu D, et al. Effect of copper addition on
Authors’ contributions mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and antibacterial
property of 316L stainless steel. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol
Conceptualization: Amit Bandyopadhyay Appl. 2017;71:1079-1085.
Formal analysis: Michael B. Myers doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.11.022
Funding acquisition: Amit Bandyopadhyay
Investigation: Michael B. Myers 8. Vincent M, Duval RE, Hartemann P, Engels-Deutsch M.
Project administration: Amit Bandyopadhyay Contact killing and antimicrobial properties of copper.
Supervision: Amit Bandyopadhyay J Appl Microbiol. 2018;124(5):1032-1046.
Writing – original draft: Michael B. Myers doi: 10.1111/jam.13681
Writing – review & editing: Amit Bandyopadhyay 9. Bandyopadhyay A, Mitra I, Ciliveri S, et al. Additively
manufactured Ti-Ta-Cu alloys for the next-generation load-
Ethics approval and consent to participate bearing implants. Int J Extreme Manuf. 2023;6(1):015503.
Not applicable. doi: 10.1088/2631-7990/ad07e7

Volume 4 Issue 1 (2025) 10 doi: 10.36922/msam.7357