Page 60 - MSAM-4-1

Materials Science in

Additive Manufacturing

ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effect of in situ electromagnetic field

manipulation on the microstructure and hardness
of titanium alloy during laser melting deposition

1,2
Chang Liu 1,2† , Yongjian Wu 1,2† , Jian Zhou 1,2 , Yan Wen * ,
1,2
Liqiang Wang 3 , and Lechun Xie *
1 Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components, Wuhan University of
Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
2 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Automotive Components Technology, Wuhan University
of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
3 State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

Abstract
The electromagnetic field is a non-contact physical field that can influence the internal
† These authors contributed equally flow of the melt pool and regulate the microstructure properties of alloy through
to this work. electromagnetic force during laser melting deposition (LMD). This study proposes
*Corresponding authors: a 3D numerical model of LMD Ti-6Al-4V coupled with an electromagnetic field and
Yan Wen investigates the effect of the electromagnetic field on the fluid dynamics of the
(gubi2008@whut.edu.cn) melt pool during LMD. The results indicated that a steady electromagnetic field can
Lechun Xie
(xielechun@whut.edu.cn) suppress the internal flow of the melt pool. In an electromagnetic field of 39.40 mT,
the length of β-columnar grains significantly decreases from 490 to 354 μm, resulting
Citation: Liu C, Wu Y, Zhou J, in fragmentation and equiaxed tendencies, thereby enhancing the hardness of the
Wen Y, Wang L, Xie L. Effect
of in situ electromagnetic deposition layer. This study provides a new method for in situ manipulation of the
field manipulation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of titanium alloys during LMD.
microstructure and hardness of
titanium alloy during laser melting
deposition. Mater Sci Add Manuf. Keywords: In situ manipulation; Electromagnetic field; Laser melting deposition;
2025;4(1):8332.
doi: 10.36922/msam.8332 Ti-6Al-4V; Molten pool
Received: December 31, 2024
Revised: January 23, 2025
Accepted: January 23, 2025 1. Introduction
Published Online: March 18, 2025 Field-assisted additive manufacturing has garnered significant attention in recent
years. Laser melting deposition (LMD) is an additive manufacturing process widely
1,2
Copyright: © 2025 Author(s).
This is an Open-Access article reported by many researchers due to its various advantages, such as large product size,
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distributed under the terms of the high efficiency, a wide range of available materials, and excellent product properties. As
Creative Commons Attribution a typical titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V has been extensively studied by researchers in terms
License, permitting distribution,
and reproduction in any medium, of its microstructure and properties when produced using LMD. 8-10 A high-energy laser
provided the original work is beam serves as the energy source of LMD. With the movement of the focus position, the
properly cited. high-energy laser beam increases the temperature of the substrate and powder, resulting
Publisher’s Note: AccScience in powder melting, rapid cooling, and solidification; the cooling rate of the metal molten
Publishing remains neutral with pool can reach up to 10 – 10 K/s. The coarse structure formed during the rapid cooling
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regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional process of the LMD alloy is prone to residual stress concentration, posing a challenge in
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affiliations. the application of LMD technology. Hence, new technical methods are in demand to
Volume 4 Issue 1 (2025) 1 doi: 10.36922/msam.8332