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Figure 1. The construction of cartilage-on-chip, and the process of using it for simulating OA and screening for effective drugs to relieve OA. The figure
was created using BioRender (BioRender.com).
Abbreviations: GelMA: Gelatin methacryloyl; OA: Osteoarthritis.

paraffin, neutral resin, antibody diluent, xylene (Shanghai Germany), cell culture incubator, ultralow-temperature
Titan Technology Co., Ltd., China), EDTA decalcification freezer (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., USA), electric blow
solution (Wuhan Servicebio Technology Co., Ltd., China), drying oven (Shanghai Yiheng Scientific Instruments
anti-collagen II rabbit pAb (Wuhan Servicebio Technology Co., Ltd., China), flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter, Inc.,
Co., Ltd., China), anti-GAPDH rabbit pAb (Wuhan Sanying USA), and confocal laser scanning microscope (Olympus
Biotechnology Co., Ltd., China), and goat anti-rabbit IgG Corporation, Japan).
H&L (HRP) (Abbkine Scientific Co., Ltd., China).
2.2. Cell culture
The main instruments used in this study were: cryostat
(Leica Microsystems, Germany), paraffin microtome (Leica Mouse chondrocyte cells (CP-M087; Priscilla, China) were
Microsystems, Germany), paraffin embedding station cultured in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum
(Leica Microsystems, Germany), dehydrator, embedding and 1% antibiotics and maintained at 37°C in a 5% CO₂
machine, slide spreader, slide-drying oven (Jinhua Kedi incubator.
Instrument Equipment Co., Ltd., China), ultracentrifuge 2.3. Engineering tissue of cartilage-on-chip
(Himac, Japan), inverted phase contrast microscope
(Olympus Corporation, Japan), transmission electron The specific fabrication methods for the microfluidic organ-
microscope (JEM-2100/1400; Jeol Ltd., Japan), polymerase on-a-chip are detailed in prior research. 15-17 The dried
chain reaction (PCR) machine, real-time PCR system GelMA was weighed and mixed with an appropriate volume
(Analytik Jena AG, Germany), chemiluminescence imaging of PBS to obtain 10% (w/v) GelMA. A suitable amount of
system (Bio-Rad Laboratories), metal bath, multifunctional photoinitiator (LAP) was added to the GelMA hydrogel for
microplate reader (Biotek Instruments, Inc., USA), ultraviolet light-crosslinking. Primary chondrocytes were
ultrapure water system (Merck Millipore [Shanghai], resuspended in GelMA at a concentration of 20 × 10 cells/
6

Volume 1 Issue 1 (2025) 3 doi: 10.36922/or.8461