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Tumor Discovery

ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Malignant versus normal breast tissue: Optical

differentiation exploiting hyperspectral
imaging system

1
Mohamed Hisham Aref *, Ibrahim H. Aboughaleb , Abdallah Abdelkader Hussein ,
2
1
Ayman Mohammed Farag , Sara Abd El-Ghaffar , and Yasser H. El-Sharkawy 5
3
4
1 Biomedical Engineering Researcher, Egyptian armed forces, Cairo, Egypt
2 Department of Histopathology, “Kobri El-Koba” Complex Hospital, Egyptian Armed Forces, Cairo, Egypt
3 Department of Radiology, Military Medical Academy, Cairo, Egypt
4 Department of Radiology, Maadi Armed Forces Medical Compound, Cairo, Egypt
5 Department of Optoelectronics, Military Technical College, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract

Breast malignancy is a critical problem that severely affects women’s health globally
with a high-frequency rate, necessitating fast, effective, and early diagnostic methods.
The present study aims to measure the breast tissue’s optical properties by capturing
the spectral signatures from malignant and normal breast tissue for therapeutic and
diagnostic applications. The optical imaging system incorporates a hyperspectral (HS)
camera to capture the spectral signatures for both the malignant and normal breast
tissues within 400 ~ 1000 nm. The system was subdivided into two exploratory (reflection/
transmission) to measure the tissue’s diffuse reflectance (R ) and light transmission
d
*Corresponding author: (T), respectively. The study involved 30 breast tissue (normal/tumor) samples from
r
Mohamed Hisham Aref 30 females in the age range of 46 ~ 72 years, who were optically inspected in the visible
(MH-Aref@ieee.org) and near-infrared (VIS-NIR) spectra. Then, the inverse adding doubling (IAD) method
Citation: Aref MH, Aboughaleb IH, for breast tissue characterization and descriptive analysis (T-test) was exploited to verify
Hussein AA, et al., 2023, Malignant the significant difference between the various types of breast tissues and select the
versus normal breast tissue:
Optical differentiation exploiting optimum wavelength. Finally, comparing the study outcome with the histopathological
hyperspectral imaging system. examination to evaluate the system’s effectiveness by calculation (sensitivity, specificity,
Tumor Discov, 2(1): 258. and accuracy). The average outcome values demonstrated that the optimal spectral
https://doi.org/10.36922/td.258
bands distinguishing between the normal and the tumor tissues regarding the
Received: November 15, 2022 reflectance approach were 600 ~ 680 nm and 750 ~ 960 nm at the VIS and NIR spectrum,
Accepted: February 21, 2023 respectively. Then, for the transmission technique, the optimal spectral bands were 560
Published Online: March 21, 2023
~ 590 nm and 760 ~ 810 nm at the VIS and NIR spectra, respectively. Later, the T-test and
Copyright: © 2023 Author(s). the IAD verified that the highest R values for discrimination were 600 ~ 640 nm and
This is an Open Access article d
distributed under the terms of the 800 ~ 840 nm at the VIS and NIR spectra, respectively. On the other side, the highest T r
Creative Commons Attribution values were 600 ~ 640 nm and 760 ~ 800 nm at the VIS and NIR spectra, respectively. The
License, permitting distribution, investigation’s average reading accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 85%, 81.88%,
and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is and 88.8%, respectively. The experimental trials revealed that the system could identify
properly cited. the optimal wavelength for therapeutic and diagnostic applications through the light
interaction behavior of the breast tissue’s optical properties.
Publisher’s Note: AccScience
Publishing remains neutral with
regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional Keywords: Breast cancer detection; Hyperspectral imaging system; Tissue
affiliations. characterization; Breast biopsy; Optical properties; Visible and near-infrared spectroscopy

Volume 2 Issue 1 (2023) 1 https://doi.org/10.36922/td.258