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Tumor Discovery Mg-28-A theoretical novel strategy in cancer therapy

10 to 10 Gy for T –T tumors (0.03 mg–500 g). For the assuming a replication cycle ratio (k) of 2 between
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same tumors, the doses increased from 10 to 10 Gy in cancerous and healthy tissue.
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regimen (b) but decreased from 10 to 10 Gy in regimen This substantial increase in the Mg-uptake coefficient
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(c). These results indicate that applying the Mg-uptake with tumor growth underscores the elevated Mg demand
coefficient significantly increases the cell dose compared to of rapidly proliferating cancer cells. As tumors expand,
a uniform whole-body distribution. their metabolic and replicative requirements for Mg—a
Based on these results, we proposed three additional crucial cofactor for numerous enzymes involved in these
intravenous regimens: (d) 62, (e) 300, and (f) 400 Mg-28 processes—escalate. Consequently, Mg-28 is preferentially
ions/cell. These regimens were capable of targeting 20%, accumulated in larger and more aggressive tumors, making
100%, and 133% of the total 300 Mg-dependent enzymes, it an increasingly effective agent for targeted radiotherapy
respectively. They achieved absorbed doses ranging from in advanced stages.
60 to 415 Gy across T –T tumors, with a total Mg-28 Furthermore, the relatively high Mg-uptake coefficient
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quantity of only 6.2 ng. Notably, the highest effective observed even in early-stage T tumors suggests a promising
systemic absorbed dose among the regimens remained avenue for early cancer detection, which will be discussed
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below 2.4 Gy, indicating a favorable safety profile. These further in the subsequent section. The dependence of the
results demonstrate that Mg-28 delivers sufficient Mg-uptake coefficient on the number of replication cycles
absorbed doses to induce significant cytotoxicity in cancer and the k-factor highlights the importance of considering
cells across a wide range of tumor sizes, with minimal tumor growth dynamics in optimizing Mg-28-based
damage to surrounding healthy tissues and limited overall treatment strategies. Tumors with faster replication rates
radioisotope exposure. These results are shown in Figure 2.
(higher k values) are expected to exhibit even greater
4. Discussion Mg-28 accumulation, potentially enhancing therapeutic
efficacy and reducing the required dosage.
4.1. Tumor growth, replication cycle, and Mg uptake
4.2. Early diagnosis and real-time monitoring
Cancer cell replication cycles are known to vary depending
on tumor type and microenvironmental conditions. Our The exceptionally high Mg-uptake coefficient observed
data, presented in Table 1, indicate a clear relationship even in early-stage, microscopic tumors (T : 1.8 × 10 ,
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between tumor size, the number of replication cycles, and as shown in Table 1) provides a strong foundation for
the Mg-uptake coefficient. For instance, a microscopic early cancer diagnosis. This preferential accumulation
tumor at stage T (mass ∼3.1 × 10 g, approximately of Mg-28 in nascent tumors allows for robust imaging
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3.1 × 10 cells) after 15 replication cycles exhibits an signals through gamma rays, Bremsstrahlung, and X-rays,
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Mg-uptake coefficient of 1.8 × 10 . As the tumor progresses enabling detection through positron emission tomography
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through stages T –T , with increasing mass and number of (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography
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replication cycles, the Mg-uptake coefficient demonstrates (SPECT) imaging. The ability to visualize tumors as small
a significant upward trend, reaching 7.1 × 10 for a large as ∼3.1 × 10 g (approximately 31,000 cells) represents
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T tumor (mass ∼500 g, ∼5.0 × 10 cells) after 39 cycles, a significant advancement over many current diagnostic
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Figure 2. Comparison of absorbed radiation dose delivered to tumors and the whole body across different regimens. The tumor-specific and systemic
absorbed dose are computed from Table 4. Regimens d, e, and f correspond to assumptions where 62, 300, and 400 magnesium-28 ions were taken up per
cancer cell to inactivate magnesium-dependent enzymes. Tumor doses range between 60 Gy and 415 Gy, while whole-body doses are from 1.0 × 10 Gy
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to 2.4 Gy, indicating high therapeutic selectivity and patient safety.

Volume 4 Issue 3 (2025) 76 doi: 10.36922/TD025070010