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Figure 4

Figure 4: Advanced 3D-Printed Microfluidic Platforms for Anticancer Drug

Development. (A) By integrating microfluidic technology with 3D culture systems, it
is possible to precisely control matrix structure, cellular composition and ratios, flow

velocity, and other characteristics to meet the demands of cancer modeling—such as

tumor growth, cancer cell extravasation, and angiogenesis—clinically applied for

efficacy evaluation, treatment response monitoring, and drug screening. Adapted from

ref.[92] (B) A schematic diagram of a tumor-on-a-chip model. Tumor organoids are

cultured within the organoid channel, and nutrients and/or drugs are efficiently

delivered to the tumor tissue through the vascular channels, enabling the long-term

maintenance of the physiological activity of the tumor-like organoids and establishing

a media circulation. Adapted from ref.[93] (C) Schematic diagram of the workflow for

designing and constructing a microfluidic device for culturing tumor spheroids and

drug susceptibility assays. Adapted from ref.[97] (D) Morphological changes of tumor

spheroids following treatment with varying concentrations of cisplatin (DDP) (scale bar,

50 μm). Adapted from ref.[97] (E) Schematic illustration of the microfluidic chip setup
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