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dissolved in ethanol, followed by functionalization with iRGD peptide. Adapted with

permission from ref.[99] Copyright © 2025 American Chemical Society. (D) A

microfluidic platform facilitates precise fabrication of core-shell lipid-polymer
nanoparticles (LPS NPs) for efficient siRNA delivery. The process initiates with siRNA

complexation using low-molecular-weight poly(ethylene imine) (LMW PEI) within

reverse micelles, followed by interfacial assembly of a lipid membrane

(DOPE/Cholesterol/DSPE-PEG) to form monodisperse, anionic nanoparticles.

Adapted with permission from ref.[105] Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society.

(E) The microfluidic chip enables rapid, one-step synthesis of aptamer-modified

biozeolitic imidazolate framework (BioZIF-8) nanoparticles for targeted lymph node

and tumor delivery. In the first stage, ZIF-8 nanoparticles encapsulating biomolecules

are formed; the second stage functionalizes their surface with aptamers. Adapted with

permission from ref.[106] Copyright © 2021 American Chemical Society. (F)

Schematic Illustration of DOX@MSN-PTX Synthesis and Microfluidic Preparation of

DOX@MSN-PTX@PSS. The PSS layer swells in the acidic TME, conferring a positive

surface charge on the DOX@MSN-PTX@PSS nanoparticles. This facilitates their
internalization into tumor cells via endocytosis. Subsequently, the pH and redox

conditions within tumor cells trigger the release of DOX and PTX. Adapted with

permission from ref.[107]

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