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Artificial Intelligence in Health

REVIEW ARTICLE
Enhancing health-care security: The role of

blockchain and consensus mechanisms

1
1
Asmaul Hosna , Nujhat Tabassum Rahman , Supriya Dewanjee , Zulfikar Alom ,
1
1
1
Elmustafa Sayed Ali *, Mohammad Abdul Azim , and Rashid A. Saeed 4
2,3
1 Department of Computer Science, Asian University for Women, Chattogram, Bangladesh
2 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Red Sea University,
Port Sudan, Sudan
3 Department of Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sudan University of Science and
Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
4 Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif
University, Taif, Saudi Arabia

Abstract
Blockchain technology has gained prominence recently by virtue of its strong
security features for clinical data. Automation of blockchain transactions enables
data transactions and records, providing decentralized, secure, and dependable
access. Through intelligence-sharing agreements, it can also manage member
relationships without the need for a middleman or other third party. Researchers
in the health-care industry using blockchain algorithms to safeguard security of
data, which is properly stored, are on the rise. In addition, this technology is patient
adaptive. Patients and other health-care users can now trust the technology because
it prevents any third party from accessing the medical data. Many platforms intended
*Corresponding author: for use in the health-care domain are emerging, including Gem Health Network
Elmustafa Sayed Ali and MedRec. Using blockchain in health-care protects user data and grants them
(elmustafasayed@gmail.com)
full authority over their data. However, blockchain technology is also confronting
Citation: Hosna A, Rahman NT, challenges and limitations regarding data privacy and storage capacity. This paper
Dewanjee S, et al. Enhancing health-
care security: The role of blockchain explores the implementation of blockchain within health-care sector while providing
and consensus mechanisms. an overview of this technology and the different consensus algorithms used in
Artif Intell Health. 2024;1(2): 29-47. blockchain technology.
doi: 10.36922/aih.2580
Received: December 29, 2023
Keywords: Blockchain; Health-care security; Electronic health records; COVID-19
Accepted: February 26, 2024 pandemic; Genetic algorithm; Consensus mechanisms
Published Online: April 16, 2024
Copyright: © 2024 Author(s).
This is an Open-Access article
distributed under the terms of the 1. Introduction
Creative Commons Attribution
License, permitting distribution, Blockchain is an arrangement of a central node of control that connects distinct nodes.
and reproduction in any medium, A peer-to-peer distribution database communication allows for safe data storage,
provided the original work is
properly cited. verification, and transduction within the network. The growing utilization of blockchain
Publisher’s Note: AccScience technology has led to a compassionate project coordinated by the United Nations to help
Publishing remains neutral with refugees who have lost their identity papers such as qualification documents and also
regard to jurisdictional claims in 1
published maps and institutional to track pharmaceutical manufacturers that supply products in particular hospitals. In
affiliations. the UK, health-care applications and validation were initialized to develop a digitized

Volume 1 Issue 2 (2024) 29 doi: 10.36922/aih.2580