Page 36 - AIH-1-2

Artificial Intelligence in Health Blockchain for health-care security

health-care system through the help of government and such as Apple and Google have developed contact tracing
policy. However, the health-care applications cannot applications to track COVID-19 patients. However, these
8
securely share data through the application with data applications are not decentralized, so patients’ data can be
resources. Personal health-care record (PHR) technology easily accessed, resulting in a breach of data privacy. Data
2
has been introduced to safeguard and store the patients’ in a centralized system are prone to fraud, deletion, and
medical records, which the patients control. modifications, undermining the data integrity of these
The PHR secured some confidential governance. systems. Blockchain technology can assist in lowering the
A previous study has highlighted the harmful impact impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic while providing high
2
of poor record sharing on patient treatment, suggesting security and ensuring that a failed attack does not occur.
that the patients become part of the health-care platform This is due to the decentralized feature of blockchain, and
that requires advanced tools and capabilities. Al Mamun all the data and records of transactions stored in blockchain
1,9
et al. asserted that patients should control their medical are transparent to all the network members. Therefore,
3
data through electronic medical records. Since electronic data are more reliable and trustworthy.
medical records consist of confidential and sensitive To make data immutable, hashing or cryptographic
information, the robust security system should be algorithms are applied in the blockchain, linking one block
transparent. Blockchain ensures safe transduction and to another. 10,11 Smart contracts are also used by blockchain
transparent medical history records – an important technology to automate business processes and resolve
attribute that helps build patients’ trust. For instance, based health-care collaborators’ disputes. Blockchain technology
on the medical records of HIV patients, cancer patients employing intelligent contracts can be applied to the logistic
have to endure long-duration treatment. The electronic supply management of COVID-19 polymerase chain
4
medical record services with integrated blockchain reaction testing kits. This can help track supplies of these
12
technology make the process of data storing and securing kits, recognize faulty or fake kits, monitor the condition of
incredibly easier by storing the results of laboratory test testing kits while shipping, and allow government officials
reports, post-treatment reports, etc. to analyze the supply and demand of testing kits in specific
The Commonwealth Health Alliance took the initiative locations. The paper will discuss the algorithms used for
to secure the patients’ electronic health records (EHRs) blockchain security and technology in health-care sector
efficiently. Medical and health-care services are becoming in the aspect of protecting medical records. The main
13
increasingly important in the present environment, contributions of this paper are illustrated as follows:
and they must be supplied on time, securely, and safely. (i) Comprehensive overview: To provide a summary of
5
Disease identification has become a crucial responsibility blockchain technology and discuss its various uses
for medical practitioners. Many viral and cardiovascular and implications for the health-care industry.
disorders, including COVID-19 and diabetes, should be (ii) Security concerns in health care: To outline how
diagnosed in the early phase for optimal treatment. Given blockchain technology resolves important security
its rapid dissemination, detecting coronavirus has become a issues in the medical field and promote it as a
critical endeavor. However, deep learning holds significant dependable means of protecting clinical data.
value for detecting diseases by analyzing large volumes of (iii) Blockchain security algorithms: To provide a useful
image data, with blockchain allowing for decentralized and insight into the technical aspects of using blockchain
secure data access. 6 technology to secure medical records by discussing
Researchers are continuously struggling to improve the algorithms used for blockchain security.
disease detection models. To achieve this, hospitals, testing The rest of this paper is organized as follows: Section 2
laboratories, research centers, and other organizations summarizes related works and motivations, and section 3
can share their data and work together to improve the introduces the background of blockchain technology. The
learning model. As the security of personal information blockchain based on consensus algorithms in health-care
held in hospital databases is of paramount importance sector is reviewed in section 4. Section 5 encapsulates
concern, every party needs to commit to protecting data a blockchain-based EHR system for Healthcare 4.0
privacy. However, accurate and efficient learning models Applications. The taxonomy of blockchain technology
7
are still required for various applications. Due to ethical in health care is discussed in section 6. In section 7, the
and regulatory concerns about medical data privacy, data strength of blockchain technology in the health-care sector
sharing among organizations are limited. is reviewed. Section 8 discusses blockchain technology
Many applications have been deployed in the battle and applications in health care. The research gap and
against the COVID-19 pandemic. For example, companies technical limitations of blockchain in health care, and the

Volume 1 Issue 2 (2024) 30 doi: 10.36922/aih.2580