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Artificial Intelligence in Health Blockchain for health-care security

5. Blockchain-based EHR system for A study reported that EHRs of medical data consist of
healthcare 4.0 applications sensitive information and patients are permitted to share
this information with health-care centers, doctors, and
EHRs are medical records that can be managed and secured consultants. 15,41 EHRs are favorable for patients because
by a blockchain system supported by genetic algorithm and they simplify the storage of laboratory reports and medicine
discrete wavelet transform. 32,41 The scope of a blockchain lists and ease the appointments with attending doctors and
platform for industrial health care gives a new vision and the clinical consultations, especially for patients requiring
future opportunities for Healthcare 4.0 Applications. The
state-of-the-art focusing on the uses of blockchain with treatment for diseases with an extended data history, such
38,42
EHR in the health-care sector is summarized in Table 3. as cardiovascular disease, cancer, HIV, etc. For patients
who often visit different medical institutions, organizing
and securing their medical history reports in the EHRs
with the help of blockchain technology proves to be
convenient for them. Through the data sharing features,
medical research institute may collaborate with different
health-care organizations under a regulated and secure
data sharing environment.
Blockchain is known as a cryptographic protocol
for conserving shared information records through a
collection of computer networks where complete trust is
not mandatory among the nodes. The implementation of
Figure 3. Consensus algorithm performance in blockchain framework. blockchain in the health-care sector ensures data security
Source: Diagram created by the authors. for both patients and providers. 21,43 As a decentralized

Table 3. State of the art of blockchain use in health‑care domain
References Category Components Merits
Tanwar et al. Electronic health • Advantageous blockchain for health-care • A description of EHR work is presented
(2020) 48 records scenario • Transaction process in blockchain is explained
• Securing and storing health-care clinical • Blockchain in the health-care ecosystem is overviewed
data
• Data authentication for decentralized
network
Farouk et al. Electronic health • A brief description on the blockchain with • Secure data sharing through excellent regulation
(2020) 24 records EHR to share patients’ information with the
health-care centers and doctors
Hussein et al. Security and • A brief description of blockchain • Proposed method on managing and securing clinical data
(2018) 27 management of networking system • Restriction on the access to the data using discrete wavelet
clinical records • Discrete wavelet transform for creating transform algorithm
distinctive hash decrypted key • Enhancing data reliability using genetic algorithm
• Genetic algorithm for enhancing data
reliability
Wang et al. The SecNet • Al-based algorithms to protect computing • Two aspects of SecNet are evaluated
(2019) 46 platforms • Vulnerability of architecture and revenue for contributors is
• Smart contract algorithm i considered
• Implementation of SecNet in medical data • An alternative storage model of the SecNet is proposed
sharing
Alqaralleh Health-care • An effective model for secure • A data-gathering method is carried out to collect patient
et al. (2021) 4 diagnosis model blockchain-enabled intelligent IoT information using IoT devices
• New health-care diagnosis model • The GO-FFO (grasshopper with the fruit fly optimization)
algorithm with elliptic curve cryptography is utilized for
confidential image transmission for starters
• NIS-BWT (neighborhood indexing sequence with burrow wheeler
transform) approach is used to encrypt hash value
• Deep belief network model is applied for diagnosing disease
Abbreviation: IOT: Internet of things.

Volume 1 Issue 2 (2024) 35 doi: 10.36922/aih.2580