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Artificial Intelligence in Health Blockchain for health-care security

relevant future directions, are given in sections 9 and 10, distributed, immutable, open-source, public digital ledger
respectively. The paper is concluded in section 11. distributed among network peers. It is a ledger made up
of a chain of blocks. This ledger keeps a permanent record
2. Related works and motivations of all transactions and interactions among participants

Multiple studies on blockchain utilization in health-care on the distributed and decentralized blockchain network.
sector have been conducted. One of the papers narrates In addition, blockchain can be highly cost-effective in
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the history of blockchain development, with a focus on removing the requirement for a centralized authority to
the technology of intelligent health-care management for control and verify interactions and transactions between
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assisting patients. Krishnamurthi and Shree discussed multiple users. Every transaction in the blockchain is
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several blockchain census algorithms and comparatively cryptographically signed and validated by all mining
analyzed the algorithms. Another published study nodes, which keep a copy of the whole ledger made up
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presented a model to solve a confidentiality issue inherent of chained blocks of all transactions. This provides
in wearable medical devices used to monitor and care for unchangeable, secure, synchronized, and shareable time-
patients, circumventing privacy intrusion and security stamped documents.
concerns stemming from the transfer and recording of 3.1. Types of blockchain
medical data. A new framework has been proposed for
modified blockchain models for internet of things devices The three basic blockchain types are public permissionless,
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and other privacy and security features. consortium public permission, and private blockchains.
They differ in terms of who has access to, writes to, and
Yazdinejad et al. proposed a new decentralized
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authentication of patients in a distributed hospital reads the data on the blockchain. Anyone can see the data
in a public chain, and anyone can join and contribute to
network, by leveraging the blockchain. This proposed both consensus and make changes to the core software
model protects health-care networks for patients and in principle. The public blockchain is commonly
allied health professionals. After the analysis, the results utilized in cryptocurrencies, and the two most popular
of the simulations showed that they demonstrated a cryptocurrencies, Bitcoin and Ethereum as the main
high performance in ensuring confidentiality of the chain, are public permissionless blockchains. Only a few
proposed structure among a distributed affiliated hospital specified groups of companies can monitor and participate
network. Another study expounded the different types in the consensus procedure on a consortium blockchain,
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of blockchain, such as public, private, and consortium which can be considered semi-centralized. The private
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blockchain, with elaborations on the uses of different blockchain network is distributed yet often centralized.
algorithms in the health-care sector and the security
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purposes. Sharma et al. proposed a framework for Only specific nodes can join the network, and a central
community interaction and developed a smartphone authority frequently manages them.
application to encrypt messages between researchers and 3.2. How blockchain empowers secure data sharing
research groups. in health-care system
A survey conducted by Nguyen et al. illustrated the The technologies blockchain with deep learning can
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contribution of blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI) improve health-care systems. Utilization of blockchain
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in the health-care sector to combating COVID-19. Table 1 technology in health-care domains helps secure data
summarizes the most important features and contributions sharing and train deep learning models for diagnosing and
of the previous studies. These studies highlight the huge predicting diseases. Other problems include data privacy
dependence of the next-generation health-care networks concerns and compromised security in data flow between
and applications on the use of the blockchain for security businesses. Therefore, the information was shared across
and user privacy. Accordingly, this paper aims to the organization based on external and internal policies.
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comprehensively discuss the theoretical concept about the In addition, some fascinating research focuses on safe
most critical blockchain issues related to the health-care health-care data brain stimulation and biomedical and
sector, in addition to the impact of blockchain approaches e-health data exchange for the central database built on
and consensus algorithms in health-care application. the private blockchain by authorized users. In addition,
to minimize risk, the remote patient monitoring system
3. Blockchain technology uses the Ethereum protocol. Likewise, other authors
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Blockchain is one of the most hyped disruptive innovations recommended using encryption to store data from
in recent years. It has garnered growing attention as a publicly accessible organizations. Several writers created
horizontal technology used in various sectors. It is a a blockchain-based framework for sharing data on cloud
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Volume 1 Issue 2 (2024) 31 doi: 10.36922/aih.2580