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Artificial Intelligence in Health Combating XDR-bacteria as we approach 2050

therapy has emerged as a potential solution for bacterial Aver Conference, Tokyo on March 20, 2023; Clinical
infections, our attempts to cultivate a bacteriophage from Microbiology conference, London dated March 21,
the drain in Kolkata have been unsuccessful. The use of 2023; Biotechnology conference, Rome on June 14, 2023,
antibiotics, as well as gene medicine such as antisense and Pharmaceutical conference, Valencia, Spain on September
ribozyme, coupled with nanotechnology and AI, maybe a 14, 2023, and Natural Medicine congress, Chicago, USA
future strategy to combat MDR bacteria. Early intervention on October 11, 2023. A related review and research
is key to averting a projected 10 million deaths by 2050 in article by Asit Kumar Chakraborty relating MDR-TB
Asian, African, and Latin American countries. was deposited to BioRxiv preprint (Doi: https://doi.
org/10.1101/2023.09.04.556143 and https://www.biorxiv.
Acknowledgments org/content/10.1101/2020.11.04.369058v1). Most of the
I am grateful to Dr. Ginger Iv for encouraging me to write data were published in new open-access journals between
this article. This article contains new data on MDR bacteria 2015 and 2023.
characterization and novel findings on the NU2 drug, which
have been set aside due to patent application. As a retired References
professor of Biochemistry from Vidyasagar University, I 1. McArthur AG, Waglechner N, Nizam F, et al. The
had the privilege of collaborating with Meghna Maity and comprehensive antibiotic resistance database. Antimicrob
Sumana Sahoo on their MSc Biochemistry dissertations, Agents Chemother. 2013;57(7):3348-3357.
which focused on characterizing MDR bacteria from doi: 10.1128/AAC.00419-13
chicken meat and human hair. I am also thankful to
Dr. Jayanta Mukhopadhyay of Bost Institute, Kolkata, for 2. Woappi Y, Gabani P, Singh A, Singh OV. Antibiotrophs: The
his help in the article writing. complexity of antibiotic-subsisting and antibiotic-resistant
microorganisms. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2016;42(1):17-30.
Funding doi: 10.3109/1040841X.2013.875982

None. 3. Das B, Verma J, Kumar P, Ghosh A, Ramamurthy T.
Antibiotic resistance in Vibrio cholerae: Understanding
Conflict of interest the ecology of resistance genes and mechanisms. Vaccine.

The authors declare that they have no competing interests. 2020;38(Suppl 1):A83-A92.
doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.06.031
Author contributions
4. Chakraborty AK. High mode contamination of multi-drug
Conceptualization: Asit Kumar Chakraborty resistant bacteria in Kolkata: Mechanism of gene activation
Formal analysis: Asit Kumar Chakraborty and remedy by heterogeneous phyto-antibiotics. Indian J
Investigation: Meghna Maity, Sumana Sahoo Biotechnol. 2015;14:149-159.
Methodology: Meghna Maity, Sumana Sahoo 5. Chakraborty AK. Ganga action plan, heterogeneous phyto-
Writing – original draft: Asit Kumar Chakraborty antibiotics and phage therapy are the best hope for India
Writing – review & editing: Asit Kumar Chakraborty tackling superbug spread and control. Indian J Biol Sci.
2017;23:34-51.
Ethics approval and consent to participate
6. Moo CL, Yang SK, Yusoff K, et al. Mechanisms of Antimicrobial
The animal experiment was approved by the Institutional Resistance (AMR) and alternative approaches to overcome
Ethics Committee of Vidyasagar University . AMR. Curr Drug Discov Technol. 2020;17(4):430-447.

Consent for publication doi: 10.2174/1570163816666190304122219
7. Chakraborty AK. Current status and unusual mechanism of
Asit Kumar Chakraborty gave consent to publish his data multiresistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Health Med
in this study. Inform. 2019;10(1):328.
Availability of data doi: 10.4172/2157-7420.1000328

Data used in this work is available from the corresponding 8. Barbour A, Tagg J, Abou-Zied O, Philip K. New insights
author upon reasonable request. into the mode of action of the lantibiotic salivaricin B. Sci
Rep. 2016;6:31749.
Further disclosure doi: 10.1038/srep31749
Asit Kumar Chakraborty gave online lectures on phytodrugs 9. Barbour A, Wescombe PA, Simtj L. Evolution of lantibiotic
against MDR-bacteria aspect in Pharmaceutical Congress, salivaricins: New weapons to fight infectious diseases.

Volume 1 Issue 2 (2024) 92 doi: 10.36922/aih.2284