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Artificial Intelligence in Health AI in embryo selection for ART

transfer (ET), ICSI, and IVF. These methods encompass
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the in vitro manipulation of human gametes or embryos for
Evaluation and data processing limitations Retrospective observational design introduces bias; limited discussion on sampling methods, data imbalance, and cross-validation c Age density estimation may be unstable; insufficient description of sampling, data imbalance handling, and validation methods spontaneous conception. Nonetheless, conventional
Notes: a The area under the curve (AUC) of an AI model measures its ability to distinguish between classes, with a higher AUC indicating better performance; b Embryo viability prediction is an
performance and generalizability of an ML model; d DynScore, also known as Dynamic Scoring, is a dynamic assessment measure that is utilized in fields such as bioinformatics, finance, or AI.
addressing genetic disorders or sub-fertility that impede
approach in which AI models evaluate different characteristics of embryos to estimate their likelihood of successful implantation; c Cross-validation is a statistical technique used to assess the
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Abbreviations: AI: Artificial intelligence; ANOVA: Analysis of variance; ART: Assisted reproductive technology; CNV: Copy number variation; DET: Day-5 embryo transfer; IVF: In vitro
fertilization; ML: Machine learning; MLP: Multilayer perceptron; PGT-A: Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy; RNN: Recurrent neural network; SET: Single embryo transfer;
ART success rates can vary, and ART laboratories
must continually strive for refinement and implement
evidence-based practices. Various frequently utilized
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ARTs are depicted in Figure 4, depending on the specific
circumstance. These ARTs are elaborately discussed in the
following section.
3.7.1. IVF
The IVF technique has significantly enhanced our
Outcome measures AUC a >0.8 in predicting embryo viability AUC a range: 0.58 – 0.69 species, including humans. IVF is a medically assisted
understanding of fertilization processes in 11 mammalian
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reproduction method that allows infertile couples to
achieve a successful pregnancy. It involves the retrieval of
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oocytes, which are then fertilized outside the body, with the
resulting embryos cultured in a laboratory setting before
being transferred into a woman’s uterus. An IVF cycle
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typically lasts for 4 – 6 weeks and begins with 10 – 14 days
Algorithm/methodology Shallow artificial networks (MLP and simple RNN) AI model based on time‐lapse images with age-standardization days 12 and 16, mature eggs are retrieved and fertilized
of hormonal stimulation to produce multiple eggs. Between
in the laboratory using either ICSI or conventional IVF.
The resulting embryos are cultivated for 3 – 5 days before
being transferred into a uterus. Two weeks later, a blood
test is conducted to confirm pregnancy. While the overall
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success rate remains relatively low, interventions such as
hysteroscopy with local endometrial injury before ovarian
stimulation can improve implantation and pregnancy
Dataset and data selection 654 cycles from a French cohort 4,805 fresh embryos from 4 clinics SVBT: Single-voxel brain tissue; SWOT: Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats; USA: United States of America. requires careful preparation, including minimizing uterine
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rates in women with repeated IVF failure. Successful ET
contractions and placing the embryo approximately 2 cm
below the uterine fundus for optimal pregnancy rates.
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(2013 – 2022)
(2013 – 2018)
3.7.2. ICSI
ICSI is an assisted reproduction technique that treats
severe male-factor infertility. It entails inserting a single
spermatozoon directly into the ooplasm of a mature egg.
ICSI was established in the early 1990s and has since
Aim/research question Predict viable embryos for transfer using shallow artificial networks Assess maternal age’s impact on embryo viability prediction b become a widely accepted treatment option for couples
facing reproductive challenges due to male factors. The
method overcomes potential hurdles to fertilization,
allowing fertilization to occur even with compromised
sperm parameters, such as low motility and aberrant
Table 3. (Continued) References Kanakasabapathy et al. 33 Pons et al. 34 morphology. However, there are concerns regarding the
safety and long-term implications of ICSI, including an
increased risk of sex chromosomal abnormalities and
potential developmental issues in offspring conceived
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through this technique. During the procedure, a
physician injects sperm into an oocyte, and the resulting

https://doi.org/10.36922/aih.7170
Volume 2 Issue 3 (2025) 9 fertilized egg is then transferred into a woman’s uterus for