Page 182 - AJWEP-22-5

Wang, et al.

isoflavone content and faster isoflavone biosynthesis can Funding
provide a stronger biochemical defense basis for soybean
seeds; the biosynthesis of isoflavones, especially the more This research was supported by Fujian Key Laboratory
active aglycones, is significantly increased in resistant of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, grant number
genotypes, which helps to improve the resistance of 2023PNFKL21.
soybean to field mildew stress. Furthermore, numerous
45
investigations have demonstrated that the biosynthesis of Conflict of interest
isoflavones serves as a crucial factor in the plant’s stress-
responsive mechanisms. Moreover, isoflavones may The authors declare they have no competing interests.
46
also play a role in the stimulating effect because lower
concentrations of toxic metals are beneficial to plant Author contributions
growth. The activation of the isoflavone biosynthesis
47
pathway may be an important strategy for plants to cope Conceptualization: Yi Wang, Aiai Xu
with P and Al stress. The results of our study provide an Formal analysis: Yi Wang
important reference for future studies on the response Investigation: Xing Chen, Yongquan Li
mechanisms of plants to P and Al stress. Under acidic Methodology: Xing Chen, Yongquan Li, Aiai Xu
soil conditions, lime application can be employed to raise Writing–original draft: Yi Wang, Xing Chen
the soil pH and reduce the bioavailability of active Al . Writing–review & editing: Yi Wang, Aiai Xu
3+
In red soil regions with severe Al toxicity, the P-Al ratio
optimization strategy from this study can be adopted to Availability of data
guide P fertilizer application, prioritizing fast-acting
P fertilizers like potassium dihydrogen phosphate to Not applicable.
immobilize active Al. This approach should be combined
48
with organic fertilizer to enhance plant Al tolerance. References
5. Conclusion 1. Delhaize E, Ryan PR. Aluminum toxicity and tolerance
in plants. Plant Physiol. 1995;107(2):315.
The metabolites in C. oleifera seedlings treated with doi: 10.1104/pp.107.2.315
different concentrations of P and Al in a nutrient mixture 2. Liu H, Zhu R, Shu K, Lv W, Wang S, Wang C. Aluminum
were analyzed in depth. A total of 509 metabolites were stress signaling, response, and adaptive mechanisms in
plants. Plant Signal Behav. 2022;17(1):2057060.
detected, among which flavonoids were the predominant doi: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2057060
metabolites, and many flavonoids showed a significant 3. Zhang X, Long Y, Huang J, Xia J. Molecular mechanisms
increasing trend. In the process of KEGG functional for coping with Al toxicity in plants. Int J Mol Sci.
annotation and comprehensive enrichment analysis, 2019;20(7):1551.
it became evident that the isoflavone biosynthesis doi: 10.3390/ijms20071551
pathway showed substantial enrichment of differentially 4. Kouki R, Ayachi R, Ferreira R, Sleimi N. Behavior of
abundant metabolites. Glycitin, naringenin, and Cucumis sativus L. in presence of aluminum stress:
3,9-dihydroxypterocarpan were significantly different Germination, plant growth, and antioxidant enzymes.
metabolites. This study explored the physiological Food Sci Nutr. 2021;9(6):3280-3288.
mechanism by which P availability alleviates Al toxicity doi: 10.1002/fsn3.2294
in C. oleifera and provided valuable insights into the 5. Ma L, Yang S. Growth and physiological response
metabolic response of C. oleifera under P and Al stress. of Kandelia obovata and Bruguiera sexangula
The results provide a theoretical basis for improving seedlings to aluminum stress. Environ Sci Pollut Res.
plant stress resistance and an important reference for the 2022;29(28):43251-43266.
doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-17926-0
cultivation and management of C. oleifera. 6. Raza S, Zamanian K, Ullah S, Kuzyakov Y, Virto I, Zhou J.
Inorganic carbon losses by soil acidification jeopardize
Acknowledgments global efforts on carbon sequestration and climate change
mitigation. J Clean Prod. 2021;315:128036.
The authors are grateful to all members of the doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128036
laboratory for their technical assistance and stimulating 7. von Uexküll HR, Mutert E. Global extent, development
discussions. and economic impact of acid soils. Plant Soil.

Volume 22 Issue 5 (2025) 176 doi: 10.366922/AJWEP025150108