Page 180 - AJWEP-22-5

Wang, et al.

A

B

C

Figure 8. Pathway classification diagram of differentially abundant metabolites. (A) A4P5 vs. A4P_.
(B) A4P5 vs. A_P5. (C) A_P5 vs. A4P_. The y-axis represents the names of metabolic pathways, with the
x-axis representing the number of differential metabolites annotated to each pathway and the proportion of
this number to the total number of annotated differential metabolites. Image created by the authors.
Abbreviation: KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes.

4. Discussion In this study, the metabolites of different
treatment groups were identified and analyzed
The environment plays a vital role in influencing the using a UPLC-MS/MS detection platform. In total,
biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites, ranking 509 metabolites were identified, demonstrating
among the most significant factors. Al, being the that plant metabolite profiles change under specific
principal constituent of soil minerals, can be found in a conditions and providing an important basis to further
diversity of primary minerals. When the soil pH is less understand the response mechanism of C. oleifera
29
than 5.5, the Al in the soil begins to dissolve, and plant seedlings under P and Al stress. The overall analysis of
roots can conveniently assimilate the solubilized Al in metabolites revealed that flavonoids and tannins were
the form of Al³⁺, even in trace quantities (micromolar the main metabolite categories, of which flavonoids
concentrations of Al). In such cases, plant growth will accounted for 91.55%. Flavonoids have many
be inhibited, and the absorption of nutrients and water important physiological functions in plants. Studies
will be attenuated, resulting in a decrease in fruit yield. have shown that flavonoids in plant roots respond
30
Among the secondary metabolites in plants, flavonoids to Al stress by binding to Al entering the cells. This
represent a crucial category and play vital roles in interaction results in reduced potassium uptake, which
31
plant growth and plant-environment interactions. As plays a role in scavenging ROS generated by Al and
32
an essential component of the plant defense mechanism, P stress. In addition, flavonoids play a crucial role in
34
flavonoids exert significant influences in helping plants plant ontogeny, and their levels are positively correlated
cope with individual stressors, such as metal ions or with plant growth and development. Flavonoids
35
salt, as well as combined stressors, such as temperature have antioxidant effects, scavenging free radicals
fluctuations and drought conditions. 33 and protecting plant cells from oxidative damage.
36

Volume 22 Issue 5 (2025) 174 doi: 10.366922/AJWEP025150108