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Nzama and Olarewaju

goes up, and plastic is limited to recycling into lower- following mechanisms: Coercive, imitative, or socially
value commodities. Recycling may contribute to restrictive factors. The institutional theory employs
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reducing the environmental effect of plastic waste three isomorphic institutional forces to explain how
and save finite natural resources (fossil fuels) since organizations develop and apply comparable institutional
the process of plastic production consumes over 8% policies, structures, and practices, particularly; 43
of the total amount of oil generated internationally. 1. Coercive isomorphism. It is the outcome of both
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To address the issue, some countries on a global scale the formal and informal impacts of legislation and
have taken a number of steps, including banning SUPs compliance imposed by controlling institutions,
or transitioning from petroleum-based plastics to such as government regulations
alternative, safer, more sustainable, and environmentally 2. Normative isomorphism. It is the outcome of
friendly products such as biodegradable plastic. membership in social groups and professionalization.
Improving garbage collection systems to guarantee that It requires organizations to better understand
plastics are properly collected and securely recycled or environmental sustainability, embrace new cultural
disposed of at the end of their useful lives is also one of norms and concepts, and respond effectively to
these initiatives. 36 environmental concerns
Plastic pollution has an influence on aquatic 3. Mimetic isomorphism. It occurs when an
environments, including coral reefs, seagrass organization implements best practices learned from
meadows, and coastal ecosystems. Plastic trash can other organizations that are leading environmental
choke coral reefs, limiting their ability to recover sustainability efforts.
and maintain marine biodiversity. Plastic garbage Institutional theory is useful because it addresses
has entered terrestrial ecosystems, including soil. institutional variables influencing company and
Microplastics can build up in soils, compromising soil employee behavior. According to institutional theory,
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health and nutrient cycling, potentially leading to lower legislation, principles, cultural practices, common
agricultural output. A growing global consensus understandings, conventions, and societal expectations,
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has emerged on the vital requirement to shift from a all have a substantial influence on the structural
modern sequential take-make-dispose paradigm to a behaviors and practices of an organization. The
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regenerative approach. Plastic items are intended to institutional theory is suited for business sustainability
be recycled or reused in a “symmetrical economy” since sustainable development aspects are governed
concept. The hazardous waste management pyramid by policies and agreements. Thus, individual norms
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assesses waste procedures according to their capacity to and belief systems evaluate a firm’s commitment to
conserve resources, with waste prevention or reduction sustainable development by affecting its acceptability
being the most ideal future course to pursue, and trash and legitimacy, and stakeholders with conflicting
disposal as the most catastrophic event to be prevented perspectives on corporate sustainability will collaborate
regardless of costs. 39 to build norms and shared beliefs. 46
Institutional isomorphism has helped to advance our
2.3. Theoretical framework: Institutional theory knowledge of the connection between organizational
This study employs institutional theory to determine the structure and the larger social environment. Previous
influence of CESs on PPC. The theory of institutions researchers have noted that institutions in an
emphasizes the organization’s relationship with its organization’s surroundings influence their systems,
surroundings, notably its stability and long-term structures, and strategies. The three mechanisms
sustainability. This notion focuses on how organizations or pressures previously discussed in this section
may use existing rules and laws to increase their inspire appropriate policies, systems, and procedures,
stability and chances of survival. Furthermore, adhering including CESs. Therefore, a study is needed to
to these standards and rules helps the organization’s investigate how F&B manufacturing firms’ policies
reputation, as well as the capacity to accept assistance can improve the environmental management of plastic
and obtain supplies. 40,41 According to Muhammad Jamil waste, consequently tackling the world’s most serious
et al. institutional theory looks at how organizational environmental problem – plastic pollution – which affects
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factors such as the government, professional bodies, both land and ocean environments. Given the demand
and society affect organizational structure and behavior. from the government, society, and other stakeholders on
Therefore, the isomorphic concept is essential in the businesses to decrease their environmental impact. It is
field of institutional theory, which often involves the important to analyze what techniques have been applied

Volume 22 Issue 1 (2025) 86 doi: 10.36922/ajwep.7089