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CES on plastic pollution control

in these organizations and whether they are possible to phrase is only used if the availability of participants was
improve PPC. Hence, we suggest H1. the researchers’ sole concern in choosing a sample and
The literature review identifies a dearth of extensive they could not select from many other demographics
research on the impact of corporate environmental and study sites. Therefore, this sampling strategy
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policies on plastic pollution reduction, notably in F&B was used since the researcher needed to use firms that
manufacturing businesses and other heavy-polluting were willing to participate in the study to meet the
industries. A shift in recent research has been observed, objectives. Etikan et al. confirmed that this strategy
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as the literature investigates CESs as a tool used by is effective when the researcher requires simple access
businesses to improve their competitiveness, rather to respondents, availability at a specific time, or
than holding companies accountable for their impact willingness to participate in the study.
and developing strategies that can be implemented in The sample size for this study was 32 enterprises
the organizational structure to address the problem. The that make food and drinks multiplied by the four
purpose of the study is to investigate whether or not respondents (managers in finance, management,
CES can influence how F&B’s management of plastic factory, and chief accountants). The sample size for this
pollution. Thereafter, test any association between the study was determined as 128 respondents from Durban-
variables. based F&B production enterprises. The sample size of
The hypothesis of the study is: manufacturing businesses was sufficient to supply the
• H : CES does not influence PPC in F&B researcher with sufficient data to carry out the study and
0
manufacturing firms meet the objectives. The participants were respondents
• H : CES influences PPC in F&B manufacturing who were invited to participate in a questionnaire
1
firms. survey and were chosen based on their occupation. The
chosen individuals execute comparable duties inside
3. Materials and methods the company and collaborate. Their primary task is to
generate financial accounts, predictions, and economic
This research employed a positivist research paradigm. activity reports.
Hence, the quantitative technique was adopted in this A questionnaire survey was used to collect data,
work. Positivistic philosophers use scientific approaches which is a common way of acquiring primary data.
to standardize the knowledge-generating process and Mazhar et al. highlighted that unpublished data are
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simplify parameter definitions and their relationships. more dependable, exact, and impartial. Because such
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Quantitative research focuses on data presentation, data have not been changed or updated by humans, it
whereas qualitative research focuses on comprehending is more dependable than secondary material obtained
the presented topic. Quantitative research employs from another source. Primary data were used in this
systematic methodologies and formal data-collecting study where close-ended Likert questionnaires were
tools. Data were collected objectively and carefully. distributed through email to 128 participants. The
Finally, statistical approaches were used to investigate questionnaire surveys allowed the researcher to obtain
numerical data. This is generally achieved using software exact data, from a specific group of people, on their
such as Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), preferences, opinions, behavior, or factual information.
R, or Stata. The study focused on Durban-based F&B- Closed questions are believed to generate quantitative
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producing enterprises. This industry was chosen because data that are easier to numerically code and statistically
they mostly utilize SUP to package their products such as evaluate. 53,54 The researcher approached respondents
meals, refreshing drinks, water, and other similar things through email and briefed them on the study’s topic.
that fall within this category. It is estimated that about 55 The survey participant’s email address was retrieved
companies in Durban manufacture F&Bs. 49 from their website, and each potential participant
The sample approach used was convenience selected was emailed an invitation to participate. The
sampling, a type of non-probability sampling. surveys were written in English, as shown in Table 1 and
Convenience sampling refers to the data gathering Appendix 1, which provides a description of how the
method from a study population that is easily accessible questionnaires given to participants were constructed.
to the researcher. Convenience sampling, which simply The first component was designed to supply us with
implies that researchers use a sample that is widely crucial information about the background of the
available and accessible, may be used in nearly any study’s participants, which was necessary to determine
research. However, the chosen sampling technique whether or not they would be able to finish the survey

Volume 22 Issue 1 (2025) 87 doi: 10.36922/ajwep.7089