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Brain & Heart Application of the neural networks surgery

complexity and high incidence of cerebrovascular disease, different parts of the brain is often centered on Broca’s
innovations to traditional interventions and new programs approach . Ever since diaschisis was first described by
[14]
are necessary. von Monakov, many studies have focused on the possibility
Neurosurgery aims to preserve brain function, while that stroke does not only affect the function of focal areas,
[15]
managing lesions effectively. In the process of vascular but also the region far from the local damage . Resting-
malformation resection, aneurysm clipping, and nerve state FC can be used to prove network topography.
interventional therapy, the brain function should be Recently, the application of resting-state FC measurement
preserved as much as possible to ensure a satisfactory has made great progress in discovering the effects of stroke
quality of life . Nowadays, with the application of novel on brain networks and the causal effect of linkage deficits
[12]
[16,17]
neural imaging equipment and microsurgery techniques, on behavioral abnormalities .
the prognosis of patients has considerably improved . In a study, after measuring the attention and motor
[13]
With the advancements in treatment methods, cognitive deficits in right hemisphere-damaged patients, Baldassarre
protection has gained widespread attention in the field of et al. found that the most common and robust disruption
neurosurgery, especially in cerebrovascular diseases. With are a decrement of interhemispheric connectivity in
the explosion of human connectome and neural networks brain networks, thereby concluding that attention
surgery, combining cerebrovascular disease treatment deficits are significantly more correlated with abnormal
with brain networks has been a subject of interest. Neural interhemispheric FC within the dorsal attention network,
networks surgery aims to improve the efficiency of neural while motor deficits are significantly correlated with
function and cognitive protection by stabilizing the abnormal motor networks. This study further deepens our
complex network. This new insight has been applied to understanding of stroke-related behavioral deficits .
[14]
numerous studies, contributing to preoperative planning, Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are small foci of chronic
intraoperative brain function protection, and post- brain hemorrhages that are caused by the structural
operative prognosis assessment in the neurosurgical field. malformation of small blood vessels and the deposits of
However, the application of this concept in cerebrovascular blood products. They are often related to stroke and
[18]
disease is in the early stage. Therefore, it is imperative are always accompanied by dysfunction, dementia, and
to continue to explore and improve the application of cognitive impairment . Therefore, pre-symptomatic
[19]
cognitive-related brain networks analysis technology, detection of CMBs may help relieve the enormous burdens
protection methods, and intervening measures. We aim on hospitals and patients. Al-Masni et al. have proposed
to review the application of the neural networks surgery a fully automated two-stage integrated deep learning
concept in the treatment of cerebrovascular disease from approach for efficient CMB detection, a regional-based
three aspects (disease mechanism, progression, and You Only Look Once network for potential CMB candidate
the new strategies in neurosurgery for cerebrovascular detection, and a three-dimensional convolutional neural
disease) and describe its effect on prognosis and plasticity network for reducing false positives . Conventionally,
[20]
maintenance.
in the study of CMB formation, Perls’ Prussian blue stain
2. A deeper understanding of disease is often used in the histological analysis of fixed tissue
[21]
pathogenesis and improvement in sections . This deep learning approach significantly
increases the accuracy of CMB detection and decreases
diagnosis the false positive rate. In their research, Crouzet et al.,
As the concept of brain networks emerges in the field aiming at the advances in digital pathology, developed and
of neurology, we gain a deeper understanding of the compared three digital pathology approaches to identify
pathogenesis of certain cerebrovascular diseases, thus and quantify CMBs from sections stained with Prussian
filling in the gaps of prior ones, including some classical blue; they concluded that the deep learning approach is
diseases, such as moyamoya disease (MMD), intracranial more precise than the ratiometric approach, but the latter
aneurysm (IA), and even the accompanying symptoms has higher accuracy and versatility . The deep learning
[22]
after stroke. Along with advanced medical techniques, approach can certainly be referred to as another CMB
this new concept has brought about a great deal of disease diagnosis improvement.
diagnosis methods. In this section, we discuss some novel IA rupture often leads to a dismal prognosis or even
achievements in disease mechanism following advanced death. Several studies have reported that in the general
diagnosis methods. population, the morbidity of IAs has increased to more than
Over centuries, the answer to how certain cognitive 5%. However, IAs that are small in size or with low-intensity
operations are affected by local structural damage to contrast to normal vessels in medical imaging scans are

Volume 1 Issue 1 (2023) 3 https://doi.org/10.36922/bh.v1i1.223