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Design+ Evaluation of recreational suitability of urban waterfront green spaces

Using the multiplication bounded operator to greening coverage rate, and visitor proximity, were rated
comprehensively calculate the fuzzy vector, after as “average.” Among these, sunshine hours, temperature,
normalization processing, the membership degree and rainfall are influenced by Linyi’s climate, which is
evaluation results of the first-level indicators were characterized by a temperate monsoon climate with
obtained. Similarly, the comprehensive evaluation results distinct seasons and concurrent rainy and hot periods, as
of the element layer and the target layer were calculated. well as low temperatures in winter. These factors, to some
As a result, the membership degree of Linyi Calligraphy extent, affect the recreational experiences of visitors and
Square was determined to be 0.352, 0.36, 0.244, 0.031, are considered objective influences.
and 0.014. According to the principle of maximum Similarly, plant diversity and greening coverage rate
membership degree, it can be concluded that the overall were rated as “average.” The current vegetation in Linyi
comprehensive evaluation of the recreational suitability of Calligraphy Square is primarily composed of native
Linyi Calligraphy Square is “excellent,” and its membership species, leading to a relatively homogeneous species
degree is 0.36. To obtain the final score, the evaluation level composition and a noticeable landscape uniformity. It
V = (V1, V2, V3, V4, V5) was assigned a value from 5 to 1, is recommended that the park moderately introduce
respectively. Finally, the score for the recreational suitability ornamental horticultural varieties that have been
of Linyi Calligraphy Square is 4.004. According to the domesticated and selected to adapt to local climatic
evaluation score and grade description for the recreational conditions, thereby enriching the plant community layers
suitability of urban waterfront green spaces (Table 8), the through scientific planning. This approach not only helps
recreational suitability degree of Linyi Calligraphy Square to build a more ecologically resilient vegetation system
is high and belongs to the excellent level.
and optimize the park’s visual landscape effects, but also
Based on the above analysis, the overall score for the expands the tangible resources for public ecological
recreational suitability of Linyi Calligraphy Square was education, creating a composite plant landscape system
obtained, providing a more quantifiable evolution result. with both aesthetic value and educational function.
The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method played a According to the goals proposed by the government of
key role in this analysis, offering significant advantages Linyi city, the green land rate of built-up areas should not
for the comprehensive analysis of both qualitative and be <38%, and the greening coverage rate should not be
quantitative indicators. This method was primarily <45% by 2025. The plant richness of Linyi Calligraphy
informed by the evaluation system construction and case Square can be improved to align with these goals, and the
analysis conducted by Li et al. and Wang et al. The evaluation of recreational suitability in this aspect will
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evaluation of the case area also verified the feasibility of also be enhanced.
the proposed recreational suitability evaluation system,
offering valuable reference for future evaluations of Based on the analysis of survey questionnaires,
recreational suitability in Linyi’s waterfront green visitors gave a generally high overall evaluation of Linyi
spaces. Calligraphy Square. However, a significant number of
visitors suggested adding a children’s play area and adult
3.4. Overall evaluation of Linyi Calligraphy Square fitness equipment. This is because the park is located near
residential areas, where the primary purposes of visitation
After data consolidation, the results of the fuzzy include exercise and leisure activities for children.
comprehensive evaluation of the recreational suitability According to the actual situation, it is recommended that
of Linyi Calligraphy Square are presented in Table 9. the park expand its functional zoning by increasing the
Based on the results, several secondary indicators, such provision of children’s activity areas, enriching recreational
as sunshine hours, temperature, rainfall, plant diversity,
facilities for children, adding resting places, and enhancing
the types of fitness equipment to better accommodate
Table 8. Recreational suitability evaluation levels
the needs of surrounding residents. At the same time,
Level Score range Description Final field investigations found that ongoing renovation and
score construction at Linyi Calligraphy Square have resulted
Excellent >4.0 Very high recreational suitability 4.004 in a lack of safety measures along the riverside walkways,
Good 3.0–4.0 High recreational suitability posing potential risks to visitors. It is suggested that
Average 2.0–3.0 Moderate recreational suitability relevant management authorities implement appropriate
safety protection measures, install warning signs or safety
Poor 1.0–2.0 Low recreational suitability slogans, and improve safety infrastructure for water-
Very poor <1.0 Very low recreational suitability related activities. 52-54

Volume 2 Issue 3 (2025) 12 doi: 10.36922/DP025110020