Page 191 - GHES-2-1

Global Health Econ Sustain

MINI-REVIEW
A descriptive model featuring expansive clinical

microbiology approaches and antimicrobial
stewardship to control antimicrobial resistance

in low- and middle-income countries

2,3
1
Emmanuel Oladayo Irek *, Olukemi Titilope Olugbade , and
Anthony Chinemere Anuforo 4
1 Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Afe-Babalola University Ado-Ekiti, Multi-
system Hospital, Ekiti, Nigeria
2 Ministry of Defence, Department of Medical and Health Services, 2 Division Nigeria Army, Ibadan,
Oyo State, Nigeria
3 Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-
Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
4 Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching
Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria

Abstract
Academic editor: The upsurge and escalation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a major worry
Mihajlo Jakovljevic M.D. Ph.D. MAE
on the global scene. Effective antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs are critical
*Corresponding author: to combat this challenge, and applied knowledge in clinical microbiology serves as
Emmanuel Oladayo Irek
(dj1irek@yahoo.com) the cornerstone for the successful implementation. Despite technological advances,
many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) still adopt traditional phenotypic
Citation: Irek, E.O., techniques in clinical microbiology laboratories. An expansive implementation of clinical
Olugbade, O.T., & Anuforo, A.C.
(2024). A descriptive model microbiology approaches can bridge this apparent gap. Good laboratory assessment,
featuring expansive clinical hospital epidemiology, and infection prevention and control, which are the sub-divisions
microbiology approaches and of the expansive clinical microbiology approaches, can be deployed to implement AMS
antimicrobial stewardship to control
antimicrobial resistance in low- and appropriately in LMICs. In this paper, we describe a model featuring a functional AMS
middle-income countries. Global equipped with expansive clinical microbiology approaches to control AMR in LMICs.
Health Econ Sustain, 2(1): 1783.
https://doi.org/10.36922/ghes.1783
Received: September 8, 2023 Keywords: Hospital epidemiology; Antimicrobial resistance; Antimicrobial stewardship;
Infection prevention
Accepted: December 19, 2023
Published Online: March 15, 2024
Copyright: © 2024 Author(s).
This is an Open-Access article 1. Introduction
distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution In the global action plan for the control of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the World
License, permitting distribution, Health Organization highlighted some objectives to be carried out by member states
and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is (World Health Organization, 2015). The implementation of these action plans in
properly cited. low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) presents diverse short-falls, but an expansive
Publisher’s Note: AccScience clinical microbiology approach consolidated with antimicrobial stewardship (AMS)
Publishing remains neutral with could help actualize these action plans by integrating the objectives of the action plans
regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional in a pragmatic manner in controlling the spread of AMR in LMICs. The role of clinical
affiliations. microbiology in the implementation of AMS in any health institution cannot be over-

Volume 2 Issue 1 (2024) 1 https://doi.org/10.36922/ghes.1783