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Global Health Economics and
Sustainability
Fiscal policy shocks and health outcomes
Figure 4. Impulse response of life expectancy to composite shocks to public and private per capita health expenditure in Southern Africa. Image created
with Stata
Abbreviations: CI: Confidence interval; IRF: Impulse response function.
Figure 5. Impulse response of life expectancy to composite shocks to public and private per capita health expenditure in Western Africa. Image created
with Stata
Abbreviations: CI: Confidence interval; IRF: Impulse response function.
Although most studies (Arthur & Oaikhenan, 2017; 2018) show a positive and significant effect of public and
Edeme et al., 2017; Oluwatoyin et al., 2015; Boachie et al., private health expenditures on health outcomes, these
Volume 2 Issue 4 (2024) 8 https://doi.org/10.36922/ghes.3454
