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Global Translational Medicine Anticancer effect of S. xanthocarpum on KB cell line

are most frequent oral mucosal cancer type and the rate 2.2. Preparation of S. xanthocarpum extract
of malignant transformation is high. Two-third of all oral The leaves of S. xanthocarpum (Figure 1) were accrued from
cavity cancer cases are diagnosed only when they are in the habitats at Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India. The leaves
[3]
advanced stage . At present, the principal remedies for were washed under running tap water and dried at room
most cancers are chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. temperature (27 ± 2°C). An electrical blender was used to
Chemotherapy is used in most cancer treatment. However, powderize the dried leaves of S. xanthocarpum; 300 g of the
chemotherapeutic remedies are not devoid of their very powder was used for extraction in 1 L of ethanol using the
[4]
own intrinsic issues . Soxhlet extractor under a boiling temperature of 68°C for
Herbal medicine derived from medicinal vegetation 8 h. The extracts were filtered using a Büchner funnel and
has been used as remedy for many cancers . Plant-derived Whatman filter paper. The crude plant extracts were then
[5]
medicine have a vital supply of clinically useful anticancer evaporated to dryness in a rotary vacuum evaporator.
compounds. India is known to for its practical knowledge
[6]
of natural medication . Despite more than 1500 2.3. Cell culture
anticancer medications in the pipeline with over 500 under The KB cell line was obtained from National Center For
investigations in clinical trials, there is a pressing need to Cell Science (NCCS; Pune, India). The cells were cultured
develop efefctive powerful and less toxic medications. in DMEM supplemented with FBS (10%), penicillin-G
Studies recommend that herbs have anticancer properties (100 U/ml), and streptomycin (100 µg/ml). The cells
against numerous cancer cell strains, such as KB human were maintained in CO (5%) incubator at 37°C and the
2
oral cancer cells . subsequent experiments were carried out after proliferation
[7]
stage was attained. The DMEM medium was replaced
Solanum xanthocarpum (solanaceae) has a plentiful
supply of steroidal glycoalkaloids. Its flowers, in particular, every 2 days and the maintenance was strictly followed in
accordance with the controlled conditions.
contain steroidal alkaloids. Solanine, isolated from
Solanum nigrum, can induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells, 2.4. Treatment of the KB cells
with the aid of suppresing the expression of Bcl-2 protein . KB cells were grown in a 75-mm tissue subculture
[8]
Some other steroidal alkaloids have been claimed to dish containing 10 ml of DMEM at 37°C. Following
[9]
have the potential to prevent cancer . Solamargine and trypsinization, the cells were serially passaged using trypsin/
solasodine are cytotoxic to Hep3b cells at 10 mm . EDTA. After attaining 80% confluence achievement, the
[10]
Nevertheless, solasodine and diosgenin, which do not cells were starved for 24 h in DMEM medium prior to
comprise carbohydrate moieties, are weakly cytotoxic. The S. xanthocarpum treatment.
cytotoxicity of these compounds is related to the induction
of apoptosis. As compared to the cisplatin, the apoptotic 2.5. Cytotoxicity assay
effect of diosgenin on HCT-116 cells is weak .
[11]
The effect of S. xanthocarpum on cell proliferation of KB
Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to investigate cells was measured using the protocol of Mosmann, 1983 .
[12]
the anticancer activity of S. xanthocarpum extract against KB cells were seeded in the 96-well culture plates. After
KB human oral cancer cells. We found that S. xanthocarpum
extract was able to suppress the growth of KB cells and
regulating several parameters, such as reactive oxygen
species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation, as well as control
mitochondrial depolarization.

2. Materials and methods
2.1. Chemicals
Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from Sigma (USA).
Dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium (DMEM), streptomycin,
penicillin-G, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), 3-(4,5
dimethylthiozol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide
(MTT), 2’7’diacetyl dichloro fluorescein (DCFH-DA),
rhodamine-123 (Rh-123), trypsin/EDTA, acridine orange
(AO), ethidium bromide (EB), and dimethyl sulfoxide
(DMSO) were purchased from HiMedia (USA). Figure 1. Solanum xanthocarpum leaves.

Volume 1 Issue 1 (2022) 2 https://doi.org/10.36922/gtm.v1i1.68