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Global Translational Medicine Stem cells in aortic aneurysm

Figure 2. Potential applications of the patient somatic cell-derived hiPSC. The iPSC was derived from the patient’s somatic cells. On the one hand, iPSC
derived from the disease-affected cells could be directly differentiated into VSMC and EC for disease modeling, drug screening, clinical trials and cohort
studies for targeted validation. On the other hand, iPSC after gene correction could be used for vascular transplantation and cell transplantation for
autologous therapy.

patients-derived iPSCs, showing Fbn1 mutation, TGF-β disease models, drug screening, and clinical trials of AA
signaling activation, decreased contractility and increased treatment. Gene modification is used for revascularization
apoptosis, was applied as a TAA disease model. The or cell transplantation in the treatment of AA. Figure 2
disease phenotype of MFS-iPSC-VSMCs was corrected shows the origin, differentiation and application of iPSCs
by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, indicating that the Fbn1 in patients.
mutation is the main cause of Marfan syndrome. It is
found that TGF-β inhibitor can inhibit the accumulation 4. Treatment and clinical application
of fibrillin1 and the abnormal expression of MMPs . If the AA is not treated promptly, the risk of progressive
[79]
iPSCs have also been shown to differentiate into a expansion, rupture, and even death is significantly high.
variety of cell types. To date, endothelial cells, EPCs and Thus, large AA at risk is usually treated immediately
MSCs have been successfully differentiated from human with surgical treatment. Nonsurgical treatment like
iPSCs. And the MSCs generated from iPSC had stronger pharmacological treatment is beneficial for small AA .
[84]
proliferation ability and telomerase activity . Based on Specific ways to treat AA are shown in Figure 3.
[80]
this, some researchers propose to combine iPSC technology
with clinical research and pharmacogenetics to determine Due to their various types and functions, recent studies
the best treatment method for each patient according to have reported that stem cells also have a certain application
individual differences . In addition to Marfan syndrome, value in the treatment of AA. Researches on EPCs
[81]
other TAA syndromes such as Loeys Dietz syndrome mainly focused on the mechanism of AA pathogenesis
can also be investigated using iPSC technology to study and recovery, but it still has great potential for clinical
the disease mechanism . At present, EPCs and vascular application. The number of EPCs doubled 14 days after
[82]
endothelial cells can also be differentiated from iPSCs, and internal aneurysm repair (EVAR), which may be used
further studied for mechanism research and therapeutic to predict AA development and evaluate post-treatment
[55]
applications . efficacy .
[83]
iPSCs have a wide range of clinical applications. Somatic It has been demonstrated that intravenous or peripheral
cells are extracted from patient tissues and reprogrammed delivery of MSCs can inhibit elastase-induced AA
to obtain iPSCs. The iPSCs can be further differentiated expansion in animal models. MSC implantation inhibits
into VSMCs and endothelial cells, which can be used for Ang II-induced AA development in apoE mice by
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Volume 2 Issue 1 (2023) 9 https://doi.org/10.36922/gtm.v2i1.241