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Global Translational Medicine Comparative study of Schisandra species on VCI

In contrast, only schisandrin C was identified in SSF Ethics approval and consent to participate
through comparison with standard samples and found to
cross the BBB. The total lignin extracts of SCF have been BV2 cells were purchased from the Chinese Academy of
demonstrated to possess robust anti-neuroinflammatory Medical Sciences (Beijing, China). All animal experimental
37
effects. In addition, several studies have reported that procedures in this study followed the Guide for the Care and
schisandrin A, schisandrin B, schisandrin C, schisandrin, Use of Laboratory Animals (National Institutes of Health),
approved by the Experimental Animal Ethical Committee
and schisandrol B – compounds isolated from SCF – can of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese
alleviate neuroinflammation in vitro and in vivo models, Academy of Medical Sciences (SLXD-20230425013).
supporting their potential roles in the treatment of
VCI. 19,38-41 Taken together, these findings suggest that the Consent for publication
primary pharmacological effects of SCF likely stem from
the specific compounds mentioned above. Not applicable.

5. Conclusion Availability of data
The present study demonstrates that both SCF and SSF can The data that support the findings of this study are available
effectively ameliorate VCI, at least in part, by enhancing from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
anti-neuroinflammatory and antioxidative stress responses. References
However, SCF exhibits superior effects in improving
cognitive impairment compared to SSF, likely due to its 1. Wang Z, Han B, Qi J, Cao X, Gu H, Sun J. Chuanzhitongluo
higher structural diversity of biphenylcyclooctene-type capsule improves cognitive impairment in mice with chronic
lignans. This study provides scientifically valuable data on cerebral poperfusion via the cholinergic anti-inflammatory
pathway. Exp Gerontol. 2024;189:112407.
the therapeutic differences between SCF and SSF in the
treatment of VCI and offers insights relevant to clinical doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112407
applications. 2. Lou T, Wu H, Feng M, et al. Integration of metabolomics
and transcriptomics reveals that da chuanxiong formula
Acknowledgments improves vascular cognitive impairment via Acsl4/Gpx4

None. mediated ferroptosis. J Ethnopharmacol. 2024;325:117868.
doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117868
Funding
3. Hao S, He Q, Yuan Y, Mu Q. The protective effects of
This work was supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund Irbesartan in cognitive impairment in hypertension. Aging
for Medical Sciences (2023-I2M-QJ-013, 2021-I2M-1- (Albany NY). 2024;16(6):5065-5076.
031, 2023-I2M-2-006, and 2022-I2M-2-002), the Beijing doi: 10.18632/aging.205589
Natural Science Foundation (No. Z220019), and National
Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U23A20511, 4. Li S, Xiao Z. Recent research progress on the use of
transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of
No. 82304708). vascular cognitive impairment. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat.
Conflict of interest 2024;20:1235-1246.
doi: 10.2147/ndt.S467357
The authors declare that they have no known competing
financial interests or personal relationships that could have 5. Lu H, Zhang J, Liang Y, et al. Network topology and machine
appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. learning analyses reveal microstructural white matter
changes underlying Chinese medicine Dengzhan Shengmai
Author contributions treatment on patients with vascular cognitive impairment.
Pharmacol Res. 2020;156:104773.
Conceptualization: Pei Ma doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104773
Data curation: Yucen Zou, Bin Li, Meiqi Wang, Jianuo
Zhang, Qi Xiao, Chunyan Yang 6. Lv S, Wang Q, Zhang X, et al. Mechanisms of Multi-Omics
Formal analysis: Yucen Zou, Bin Li, Meiqi Wang, Xiaomeng and network pharmacology to explain traditional Chinese
Xie, Jianuo Zhang, Qi Xiao, Jiushi Liu medicine for vascular cognitive impairment: A narrative
Investigation: Jiushi Liu review. Phytomedicine. 2024;123:155231.
Methodology: Haitao Sun, Bengang Zhang doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155231
Writing – original draft: Yucen Zou, Bin Li, Pei Ma 7. Hu WH, Mak SH, Zheng ZY, et al. Shexiang Baoxin Pill,
Writing – review & editing: Haitao Liu a traditional chinese herbal formula, rescues the cognitive

Volume 4 Issue 1 (2025) 101 doi: 10.36922/gtm.6879