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Global Translational Medicine Comparative study of Schisandra species on VCI

A

B

C

Figure 7. Total ions chromatogram of (A) standard compounds, (B) SSF, and (C) SCF in positive ion mode. Identified peaks: 1. schisandrin, 2. gomisin D,
3. gomisin J, 4. schisandrol B, 5. gomisin G, 6. schisantherin B, 7. anwulignan, 8. schisandrin A, 9. schisandrin B, 10. schisandrin C.
Abbreviations: SCF: Schisandra chinensis; SSF: Schisandra sphenanthera.

proven to contribute to the etiology of hypoxia-ischemia- The ameliorative effects of SCF and SSF on VCI were
induced neural injury. Potential molecular mechanisms further validated using a BCAS mouse model. This
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underlying VCI include inflammation and mitochondrial model is regarded as the most widely used experimental
dysfunction. Inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and model for VCI, as it reliably replicates both clinical and
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reactive oxygen and nitrogen species exacerbate neuronal pathological features of the disease. The BCAS model
damage and act as pivotal mediators of persistent neuronal induces cognitive impairment, chronic hypoperfusion,
injury. 32 and subsequent white matter damage. Notably, BCAS
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Previous studies have demonstrated that SCF and SSF mice do not develop cerebral infarctions and optic nerve
exhibit a range of pharmacological activities, including damage but exhibit hippocampal neuronal death and
neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and atrophy, leading to learning and memory deficits.
cardioprotective effects. Notably, SCF has been shown As expected, SCF and SSF treatment significantly
8,13
to regulate inflammatory responses and inflammation- improved learning ability, spatial memory, and cerebral
induced damage to cerebral vessels and brain tissue, blood flow, and promoted nerve fiber repair. However,
thereby improving cerebral ischemia and neurological SCF was more effective than SSF in improving learning
dysfunction. Furthermore, SCF is capable of scavenging ability and spatial memory. Our results demonstrate that
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reactive oxygen species and mitigating oxidative stress- SCF exhibits superior efficacy in preventing white matter
induced brain tissue damage, thereby alleviating symptoms damage and cognitive decline, aligning with its traditional
associated with cerebral ischemia. 34 medicinal applications. However, there remains a lack of
Given the role of neuroinflammation and oxidative relevant research to elucidate the specific mechanisms
stress in VCI pathogenesis, we first investigated the effects underlying the pharmacological differences between SCF
of SCF and SSF in LPS- and OGD/R-induced BV2 cell and SSF.
models. Our data suggest that SCF exerts strong anti- To address this issue, UPLC-Q-TOF/MS was used to
neuroinflammatory and antioxidative effects in BV2 cells. comprehensively characterize and determine the chemical
Notably, SCF demonstrated significantly greater anti- composition of SCF and SSF, as well as to evaluate the drug-
neuroinflammatory and antioxidative capacity compared like properties of their components. A total of 71 were
to SSF. identified in SCF, whereas 64 compounds were identified

Volume 4 Issue 1 (2025) 99 doi: 10.36922/gtm.6879