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International Journal of Bioprinting                       3D-printed nanocomposites: Synthesis & applications




            characteristics, defect generation, limitation of geometrical   Conflict of interest
            consistency after  extrusion, layered visual appeal,  and   The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
            overall cost-effectiveness are some of the challenges in
            3D printing. However, researchers are now able to create   Author contributions
            goods with precise mechanical qualities because of recent
            advancements in AM. Materials made from matrix     Conceptualization:  Yun Wu, Sayan Ganguly, Xiaowu
            composites have recently attracted increasing interest   Shirley Tang
            due  to their  outstanding  mechanical and  thermoelectric   Writing – original draft: Yun Wu, Sayan Ganguly
            characteristics. The majority of the difficulties encountered   Writing –  review  &  editing:  Yun Wu, Sayan Ganguly,
            by AM approaches stem from the processes themselves.   Xiaowu Shirley Tang
            For example, the FDM technique is by far the most widely
            used  method.  The  simultaneous  heating and  cooling   Ethics approval and consent to participate
            that occurs during the FDM extrusion and multilayer   Not applicable.
            deposition processes is the foremost contributing factor to
            void generation. This results in the formation of anisotropic   Consent for publication
            structures and a reduction in the material’s mechanical
            property. Because of the fluctuating temperature gradient   Not applicable.
            that occurs during curing, the vertical and horizontal
            directed characteristics  may take on different values. It   Availability of data
            is possible that the printed part will exhibit anisotropic   Not applicable.
            behavior. During production process, other methods
            also confront the same problems in processing speed and   References
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            Volume 10 Issue 2 (2024)                        98                                doi: 10.36922/ijb.1637
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