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International Journal of Bioprinting                               Mineralization of 3D-printed PHA scaffolds














































































            Figure 4. Physiochemical characterization of the PHA, PHA–pDA, and PHA–pDA–HA scaffolds. (a) Fourier-transform infrared spectrum showing pDA
            coating on the PHA surface. (b, c) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirming pDA and calcium phosphate mineral formation via the N1s and Ca2p
            peaks (b) or Ca2p peak (c). (d) X-ray diffraction pattern of HA grown on the 3D-printed PHA surface. (e) Thermogravimetric analysis showing changes
            in thermal stability. Abbreviations: HA, hydroxyapatite; pDA, polydopamine; PHA, polyhydroxyalkanoate.


            Volume 10 Issue 2 (2024)                       495                                doi: 10.36922/ijb.1806
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