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Hernandez-Quintanar and Rodriguez-Salvador
Table 3. Uses of 3D printed optical tissue phantoms
Paper Institution/country Description
Ghassemi et al. “Rapid prototyping FDA/United States The 3D printing of a human retinal vasculature phantom filled with
[52]
of biomimetic vascular phantoms for hemoglobin solution was developed. The purpose was applying the
hyperspectral reflectance imaging” phantom in tests of a near-infrared hyperspectral reflectance imaging
system for the analysis of the human retina
Bentz et al. “3D printed optical phantoms School of Electrical and In the study, 3D printed mouse phantoms were created for use in deep
[53]
and deep tissue imaging for in vivo Computer Engineering, Purdue fluorescence imaging tests. These phantoms represent an alternative to
applications including oral surgery” University/United States animal experimentation in these types of tests
Lv et al. “Design of a portable phantom School of Engineering Science, An optical tissue phantom was fabricated using 3D printing to mimic
[54]
device to simulate tissue oxygenation and University of Science and blood vessels. The phantom was used to calibrate and validate medical
blood perfusion” Technology of China/China optical devices
FDA: Food and drug administration, 3D: Three-dimensional

A B

C D

Figure 1. Summary of published papers on 3D printed optical tissue phantoms, which are indexed in both Scopus and Web of Science
databases, grouped by (A) publication year, (B) affiliation country, (C) institution of principal author, and (D) journal in which the paper
is published. In B-D, only the 10 most frequent papers are shown. Note: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Food and
Drug Administration (FDA).

54 will be published in 2020. As shown in Figure 1A, the United States (7 documents). It is interesting to note
the number of articles referring to the fabrication of that, of the top 10 publishing institutions, two belong
optical tissue phantoms using 3D printing technology has to the United States government, namely the Food and
increased since 2013. Drug Administration (FDA), which is responsible for
Insights exhibit that the United States (52 documents) the control and supervision of products related to food
is the top country for publications on 3D printed and health , and the National Institute of Standards
[55]
optical tissue phantoms, representing 48.15% of all and Technology, which “promotes innovation and
publications, followed by China (10 documents) and the competitiveness by advancing measurement science,
United Kingdom (8 documents). As shown in Figure 1C, standards, and technology” . Since optical tissue
[56]
while eight of the leading institutions in terms of phantoms are intended to become standards for the
publications in this field come from the United States, measurement, calibration, and approval of biomedical
the institution with the highest number of papers in the devices, both institutions are interested in carrying out
area is the University of Science and Technology of research in the area. Finally, the results reveal that most
China (8 documents), followed by Purdue University of publications, 25.93% of all documents, were issued in
International Journal of Bioprinting (2019)–Volume 5, Issue 1 5