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Shuai C
be used in AM techniques. The material used in AM 3. Heuijerjans A, Wilson W, Ito K, et al., 2017, The critical size
of scaffolds should not only meet the requirements of of focal articular cartilage defects is associated with strains in
medical applications but also need to meet the technical the collagen fibers. Clin Biomech, 50: 40.
requirements of AM. For instance, the resins used in SLA 4. Yang Y, Wu P, Wang Q, et al., 2016, The enhancement of
are very limited because the resin should be a liquid that Mg corrosion resistance by alloying Mn and laser–melting.
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use of a single resin at a time. As for materials used in 5. Hoover S, Tarafder S, Bandyopadhyay A, et al., 2017,
SLS or SLM, it should have good fluidity and thermal Silver doped resorbable tricalcium phosphate scaffolds for
conductivity and the powder should have a suitable shape bone graft applications. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl,
for powder application. In fact, powders used for SLM 79: 763–769.
equipment require spherical shape and a uniform particle 6. Faroni A, Mobasseri S A, Kingham P J, et al., 2015,
size distribution. To satisfy these specific requirements,
it is necessary to develop the dedicated material system Peripheral nerve regeneration: Experimental strategies and
for AM. On the other hand, hybrid materials integrate the future perspectives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 82–83: 160–167.
advantages of several materials, which may exhibit better 7. Shau D, Patton R, Patel S, et al., 2018, Synthetic mesh vs.
properties as used in AM scaffolds for bone regeneration. Allograft extensor mechanism reconstruction in total knee
Previous researches have confirmed that AM technology arthroplasty – A systematic review of the literature and meta–
could fabricate parts with multiple materials. These analysis. Knee, 25(1): 2.
compositional variations are not only expected to change 8. Wang Z, Wang C, Li C, et al., 2017, Analysis of factors
their processability but also are expected to achieve better
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There is no doubt that the application of AM scaffolds for metal scaffolds: A review. J Alloys Compd, 717: 271–285.
bone repair has a bright future. Thus, multidisciplinary 9. Kumar A, Mandal S, Barui S, et al., 2016, Low temperature
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and fully realize the potential of AM in bone repair bone–tissue engineering applications: Processing related
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Conflicts of Interest 103: 1–39.
10. Chevalier E, Chulia D, Pouget C, et al., 2008, Fabrication of
There are no conflict of interest.
porous substrates: A review of processes using pore forming
Acknowledgments agents in the biomaterial field. J Pharm Sci, 97(3): 1135–1154.
11. Pia G, Casnedi L, Ionta M, et al., 2015, On the elastic
This work was supported by the following funds: (1) deformation properties of porous ceramic materials obtained by
The Natural Science Foundation of China (51575537,
81572577, 51705540); (2) Hunan Provincial Natural pore–forming agent method. Ceram Int, 41(9): 11097–11105.
Science Foundation of China (2016JJ1027); (3) The 12. Moghadam M Z, Hassanajili S, Esmaeilzadeh F, et al.,
Project of Innovation-driven Plan of Central South 2017, Formation of porous HPCL/LPCL/HA scaffolds with
University (2016CX023); (4) The Open-End Fund for supercritical CO gas foaming method. J Mech Behav Biomed
2
the Valuable and Precision Instruments of Central South Mater, 69: 115.
University; (5) The fund of the State Key Laboratory of 13. Costantini M, Colosi C, Mozetic P, et al., 2016, Correlation
Solidification Processing in NWPU (SKLSP201605); (6)
National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents between porous texture and cell seeding efficiency of gas
(BX201700291); (7) The Project of State Key Laboratory foaming and microfluidic foaming scaffolds. Mater Sci Eng
of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central C Mater Biol Appl, 62: 668–677.
South University; (8) The Project of Hunan Provincial 14. Theodorou G S, Eleana K, Anna T, et al., 2016, Sol–Gel
Science and Technology Plan (2017RS3008). derived Mg–based ceramic scaffolds doped with zinc or copper

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