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International Journal of Bioprinting Liver printing: from structure to application

Ref. 151 122 155 146 160 161 27 99

Increased ALB secretion and CYP450 metabolic activity with the number of layers Increased levels of ALB, urea production, and CYP enzymatic activity in the tri-culture model Anastomosis of printed lumen- like structures with host blood vessels post-implantation Printed hepatocyte structures exhibited improved ALB activity and anastomosis with host blood vessels post-implantation Printed liver tissue exhibited improved ALB expression a

Functions the survival of mice

Culture time 1 week 10 days 1 week 10 days 1 week 10 days 10 days 10 days

Thickness: 50–100 μm; diameter: 1 thickness: ≈200 μm XY-plane: 4 × 5 mm; Z-direction: 16 × 10 × 4 mm 12 × 8 × 6 mm 10 × 10 × 3 mm; interconnected channel diameter: Diameter: 1 mm; 4 × 5.2 × 2.5 mm Diameter: 416 ±

Size mm 3 × 3 mm; 600 μm ≈500 µm 26.14 µm

Other cells HUVECs HUVECs; ADSCs HUVECs HUVECs; NHDFs HUVECs; HFFs - HUVECs HUVECs

Hepatic cells HepG2 hiPSC- derived HepG2 Rat primary hepatocytes HepG2 HepaRG HepG2 HepG2

Mechanical strength Not mentioned 4 kPa 4–6 kPa Not mentioned Not mentioned Not mentioned 6–14 kPa Not mentioned

Table 4. Representative studies on liver bioprinting
Crosslinking method Spontaneous crosslinking UV light UV light UV light UV light; temperature; thrombin CaCl 2 Temperature; pH Temperature

Printing materials Fibronectin; gelatin GelMA; GMHA GelMA; GMHA Fibrin/GelMA; PEGDA GelMA; fibrin; gelatin Gelatin; alginate Collagen; gelatin; alginate Collagen

Printing technique Inkjet printing DLP SLA Extrusion- based bioprinting

Volume 10 Issue 5 (2024) 137 doi: 10.36922/ijb.3819