Page 60 - IJB-6-3
P. 60

Software for bioprinting
           in  the  field  of  digital  bioprinting.  The  direction   solution  to  the  crucial  problems  in  bioprinting
           of development of software tools that will meet     is to adapt the FRep approach to the bioprinting
           critical requirements comprehensively in this field   problems and to develop a new application area
           was revealed. A shortage of specialized suitable    such as computer  science for bioprinting  that
           software tools was revealed with the classification   represents a significant future work.
           as control  tools, general  CAD tools, tools to
           convert medical data to CAD formats, and a few      Conflicts of interest
           highly specialized  research-project  tools.  All   The authors declare no conflict of interest.
           considered  software tools were sub-divided  on
           three  groups: software tools for pre-processing,   References
           for processing, and for post-processing. A number
           of existing  software tools, especially  modeling   1.   Fleming PA, Argraves WS, Gentile C, et al., 2010, Fusion
           software tools, were  considered  in  the  focus of     of  Uniluminal  Vascular  Spheroids: A  Model  for Assembly
           requirements  of bioprinting process that  they         of  Blood  Vessels.  Dev Dyn,  239:398–406.  DOI:  10.1002/
           meet and stages of the bioprinting process that         dvdy.22161.
           they allow us to describe. Comparative analysis     2.   Inamori M, Hiroshi M, Toshihisa K, 2009, An Approach for
           of these software tools was carried out, and, based     Formation of Vascularized Liver Tissue by Endothelial Cell-
           on it, the direction to the future development in       covered Hepatocyte Spheroid Integration. Tissue Eng Part A,
           this field was obtained. Every kind of bioprinting      15:2029–2037. DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0403.
           have specific requirements for modeling software.   3.   Rouwkema J, Khademhosseini A, 2016, Vascularization and
           Programs developed for another applications             Angiogenesis in Tissue Engineering: Beyond Creating Static
           are widely used. Software for operations with           Networks.  Trends Biotechnol,  34:733–45.  DOI:  10.1016/j.
           G-code can be used for printing of models with          tibtech.2016.03.002.
           simple geometry. It allows us to print with very    4.   Hoch E, Tovar GE, Borchers K, 2014, Bioprinting of Artificial
           high accuracy. But it is difficult to operate with      Blood Vessels:  Current Approaches Towards  a  Demanding
           huge and complex geometry on G-code level. The          Goal. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 46:767–78. DOI: 10.1093/
           accepted solution is to use standard CAD systems        ejcts/ezu242.
           and software that can process meshes in STL-like    5.   Alonzo M,  AnilKumar S, Roman B,  et al.,  2019,  3D
           format. On  the other hand, these systems bring         Bioprinting of Cardiac Tissue and Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy.
           their problems strongly linked with boundary            Transl Res, 211:64–83. DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.04.004.
           representation:  cracks, holes, self-intersection  in   6.   Lee  W,  Debasitis  JC,  Lee  VK,  et  al,.  2009,  Multi-layered
           the geometry. Moreover, the size of models that         Culture of Human Skin Fibroblasts and Keratinocytes Through
           were reconstructed from scans are extremely huge.       Three-dimensional  Freeform Fabrication.  Biomaterials,
           Some cases of complex geometry can be captured          30:1587–95. DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.12.009.
           by specific software like the software for scaffold   7.   Vijayavenkataraman S, Lu WF, Fuh JY. 2016, 3D Bioprinting
           generation.  Nevertheless,  a  general  solution  for   of Skin: A State-of-the-art Review on Modelling, Materials,
           robust modeling in different scales doesn’t exist.      and Processes. Biofabrication, 8:032001. DOI: 10.1088/1758-
           Recommendations for using of suitable software          5090/8/3/032001.
           is given in Table 1.                                8.   Midha  S,  Patra  P,  Mohanty  S,  2019,  Advances  in  3D
             On the  authors  opinion  the  most  promising        Bioprinting of Bone: Progress and Challenges. J Tissue Eng
           modeling systems for bioprinting are FRep based         Regen Med, 13:925–45. DOI: 10.1002/term.2847.
           systems. They allow to operate with compact and     9.   Adepu S, Dhiman N, Laha A, et al., 2017, Three-dimensional
           accurate models applicable for bioprinting.             Bioprinting for Bone Tissue Regeneration. Curr Opin Biomed
             To reach progress in modeling methods, the            Eng, 42:22–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2017.03.005.
           FRep approach represents a suitable method to       10.  Bulanova  EA,  Koudan  EV,  Degosserie  J,  et al.,  2017,
           solve the heterogeneous volume modeling for             Bioprinting  of  a  Functional  Vascularized  Mouse  Thyroid
           the digital bioprinting issue. Hence, the possible      Gland   Construct.   Biofabrication,   9:034105.   DOI:

           56                          International Journal of Bioprinting (2020)–Volume 6, Issue 3
   55   56   57   58   59   60   61   62   63   64   65