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Pakhomova, et al.
Table 1. (Continued)
The software name Supported file formats Distribution Purpose References
SCADA - Commercial Bioreactor control software, [121]
also provides analysis and
visualization
LabVIEW - Commercial Bioreactor control software, [120]
allows a user to load Python
protocols
FNet - Commercial Bioreactor control software and [122,123]
graphical visualization
SIAM - Commercial Bioreactor control software and [122,123]
graphical visualization
BioCommand - Commercial Bioreactor control software, [124]
visualization
Curv Export meshes to STL, OBJ, Open-source, free FRep modeling [133]
and X3
libfive - Open-source, free FRep modeling [134]
CAD: Computer-aided design, 3D: Three-dimensional, STL: StereoLithography, DICOM: Digital imaging and communications in medicine, CATIA: Computer-aided three-
dimensional interactive application, PDF: Portable document format, VRML: Virtual reality modeling language

Only one-material surfaces are available. There is There are printing of vascularized tissue, skin,
no material definition in the STL, thus complex bones, cartilage, physiologically relevant tissue
geometry may have given errors. Typical types of and whole living organs. Printer control drivers
errors with the STL standard are missing facets exist and can process a correctly created model.
and redundant data, such as unremoved coincident Therefore, the created software must be highly
surfaces or traversals, which are not crossed by specialized. A number of various widespread
coincident surfaces that will lead to weakness in the nowadays software tools, in the focus of using
creation. Microstructures such as porosity must be for bioprinting technologies, were reviewed
in geometry thus will lead to substantial model files. and analyzed. Properties that act as advantages
Communication with build setup is an issue which and disadvantages of these software tools
may leads to issue in the orientation in printer also. were considered applicable to issues of digital
Besides all the disadvantages described above, bioprinting, especially of the bioprinting of
cracks and self-intersections can occur in STL heterogeneous tissues and organs. The authors’
files, and editing in this standard is difficult. Hence, approach to systematization and generalization is
there is a need to develop a specialized software proposed taking into account the complexity of
for the heterogeneous modeling in bioprinting such a process as creating a model of a complex
based on the FRep approach, which will allow us heterogeneous structure. This paper identifies the
to work with suitable model file formats for this main, most important components, through the
bioprinting. prism of which the review of studies is conducted.

5 Conclusions It seems that our review can be regarded as a
road map and have an impact on the further
Modeling for biomedicine purposes, especially development of science in this field of knowledge.
for bioprinting, needs to transmit and convert It should be noted that the authors have not found
biological and medical data as accurately as such a review, which claims to be comprehensive,
possible. Such a model must meet a number of either in domestic or foreign literature, which
special requirements, not only about the accuracy emphasizes its relevance and scientific novelty.
of data converting, but also others, depending on The authors reviewed a number of properties
the model and printer specifics. of existing software tools for different issues

International Journal of Bioprinting (2020)–Volume 6, Issue 3 55