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Software for bioprinting
of different porous and roughness morphology scaffold-based approach allows user to create the
on surfaces using such structures as Scwartz P, 3D model of a particular type of biological system
Scwartz D, Gyroid, Neovius and others. Such that includes living cells and biomaterials and
modification of surfaces increases cells migration simulates the evolution of the multicellular system
inside the implants and improves osteoblast in the vicinity of biomaterials using the MMC
adhesion. algorithm [111] . SIMMMC for bioprinting as an
nTopology (nTop) is the software for the lattice extension of the initial SIMMMC which allows a
generation and microstructures using the method user to load different geometry of tissue construct
of the implicit surfaces [105] . This software is also that was obtained by post-printing. Besides, it
based on the FRep approach. enables user to simulate shape changes of the
The Voronoi tessellation is a generative uploaded bioprinted construct that includes living
algorithms used for 3D modeling of the bone cells, biomaterial, hydrogel, and cellular medium
microstructure [106] . The Grasshopper [107] is the with the help of the MMC algorithm. SIMMMC
software with a visual programming language that for bioprinting had been validated by procedural
allows us to build generative algorithms, including bioprinting of the vessel [109] . Collectively,
Voronoi tessellation SIMMMC for bioprinting represents an useful
Autodesk Netfabb [108] has a module for the lattice software tool to produce computer simulations of
generation, which is called “Lattice Commander.” a large variety of 3D models for predicting post-
It allows the user to generate microstructures using printing structure formation.
the unit cell repetition. It has a wide range of the At present, the software tool CompuCell3D
unit cell patterns, including TPMS structures and is used for in silico tissue engineering [112-114] .
a variety of beams intersection. It is based on the Glazier-Graner-Hogeweg
model and is an open-source software that was
4.4.2 Software for post-processing issues
developed especially for simulating the evolution
Developing the software for bioprinting is the of bioprinted constructs [112] . The Surface Evolver
most anticipated subject of research currently. software has been invented to predict simulation
SIMMMC is the specialized application for of directed self-assembly in multicellular
predicting post-printing structure formation systems which considering each single cell as a
in bioprinted construct, generating 3D models bubble [115,116] . It is based on the Finite Element
of various types of bioprinted constructs, and Method. In the field of bioprinting, Surface
simulating its evolution. The application has Evolver could be used for modeling fusion of
been extended for bioprinting purposes, such vascular tissue spheroids in bioprinted segment
as modeling and simulation of the evolution of of a vascular tree [117] . This approach allows us
bioprinted tissue constructs composed of living an estimation of the quantity of tissue spheroids
cells, hydrogels, and cell culture medium [109] . The concentric layers. These layers must be printed in
metropolis Monte Carlo algorithm (MMC) is the sequential vascular segments to keep accuracy of
base of this development. Besides, the specialized each diameter of the vascular section of vascular
module that can generate 3D models of fabricated wall [117,118] . However, the software tools that are
tissue constructs automatically after loading an provided in the Surface Evolver could not allow
XYZ file has been created. The XYZ files are used the comprehensive modeling and simulation in
for the purposes of biological systems graphical the field of bioprinting, because they can only
visualization using visual molecular dynamics [110] . solve highly-specialized issues. Besides, these
According to Robu et al. [109] , many architectures software tools are meant for biological simulation,
of bioprinted tissue constructs could be integrated not primarily for bioprinting. There is currently
into this platform. SIMMMC for bioprinting no available software to simulate all aspects of
was implemented in the Visual Studio.Net 2015 bioprinting or formation of the bioprinted tissue
using the Visual C#.Net language. SIMMMC for structures with 10 –10 cells. However, developing
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50 International Journal of Bioprinting (2020)–Volume 6, Issue 3