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International Journal of Bioprinting 3D bioprinting technology for brain tumor

Figure 3. Illustration of the blood–brain barrier (BBB)-on-a-chip (BBBoC) composed of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and astrocytes.
While providing the same desired flow rate, both cell types were inserted between the porous polycarbonate membranes of the chip. This system mimics
the permeability of in vivo BBB conditions. Abbreviation: iPS cells, induced pluripotent cells.

5.2. Brain tumor-on-a-chip for drug CCRT with TMZ was distinct, depending on the resistance
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treatment response to both treatments. GBM-on-chips with extremely
Microfluidic-based cancer models enable precise aggressive tumor progression after CCRT reported higher
biophysical manipulation by simulating the oxygen survival rates than those with low-to-moderate treatment
gradient and replicating localized interactions between resistance. 17,109 The decrease in the survival rate of the
cancer and associated cells, such as angiogenesis 103,104 GBM-on-a-chip is positively correlated with patient overall
(Figure 4). A patient-specific GBM chip was established survival, suggesting that the GBM-on-a-chip is a feasible
by printing GBM-211 cells isolated from aggressively model for representing treatment resistance in patients. 20,110
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invasive GBM into the environment. The GBM-on- In addition, the effects of DNA repair inhibition were
a-chip displayed distinct drug sensitivities depending evaluated on a GBM-on-a-chip using two DNA repair
on the type of bioink used. GBM-211 cells printed with mechanism inhibitors, O -benzylguanine (O BG) and
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BdECM bioink were less reactive to cisplatin than collagen methoxyamine (MX), with CCRT. O BG is a pseudosubstrate
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bioink-printed cells, whereas they were more sensitive to of O BG-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, and MX
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tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1, an anti-invasion is a base excision repair pathway inhibitor. 111–114 Both O BG
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agent, accompanied by obvious morphological changes. and MX diminished the survival percentages of GBM-28-
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The GBM-on-a-chip can reproduce the differences in and GBM-37-on-chips, which were obtained during brain
concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) with TMZ, the current tumor removal surgery before receiving CCRT and from
standard of care for GBM, and the treatment resistance of tumors following CCRT, respectively. In particular, the
patients with GBM. The survival rate of GBM-on-chips GBM-28-on-a-chip displayed higher sensitivity to these
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printed with primary GBM cells from patients following drugs. Among the two drugs and their combinations,
Volume 10 Issue 6 (2024) 161 doi: 10.36922/ijb.4166